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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cocci |
More or less spherical Ex) staphylocci epidermitis |
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Bacilli |
Rod shaped (pointed, spindle shaped or filamentous) Ex) bacillus anthracis |
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Spirals |
Could be rigid (sprillum) or flexible (spirochete) Ex) spirillum volutans (spirilum) Treponema pillidium and borrelia burgdorferri (spirochete) |
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Vibrios |
Slightly curved rods. Ex) V. Vulnificus, V. Cholerae |
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Pleomorphic |
Refers to variation of shapes and size Ex) corynbacterium diptheriae, microplasma plumonowiae |
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Syphilis |
Treponema pallidium |
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Whooping cough |
Bordetella pertussis |
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Animal diseases caused by prions |
- Scrapie - Wasting disease of elk - Bovine spongiform enciphalopathy |
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Human diseases caused by prions |
- Creuktzfeldt Jacobs disease - Kuru - Chronic insomnia - Muscular pain of unknown etiology |
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Outcome of 2 factors following binary fision |
- Plane of division - Daughter cell remains attached or separate |
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Diplococci |
2 daughter cells remain attached Ex) Neisserra gonorrhea "Only gram neg. bacteria thay survive in urogenital system of infected individual" |
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Streptococci |
Long chain of cocci "bead like arrangement" Ex) Streptococcus pneumonia Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Streptococcus pyogenes |
Step throat |
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Tetrad |
Division of 2 planes perpendicular to one another and cells remain attached. Ex) Micrococcus luteus |
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Sarcinae |
Parental cell divide in 3 planes, cuboidal packet |
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Staphylococci |
Random plane of division and cells remain clustered. Ex) Staphylococcus epidermitis Staphylococcus aureus |
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Requirements of infection |
- Entry - Stays in establishment - Defeating host defense - Damage to host cells and tissue |
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Infections stay in establishment include... |
-Adherence -Colonization/ multiplication -Invasion |
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How do pathogens defend themselves agains host defense? |
-Passive defense: barrier against defense system. Ex) capsule of bacterial cell. -Active defense: direct attack on host defense cells. Ex) HIV, TB, EBV |
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Portals of entry |
Avenues through which pathogens enter inside the body and cause disease. |
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Disease could be due to... |
-Host tissue damage -Microbial waste products accumalation |
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Portals of entry include |
-Skin -Mucous membrane -Conjunctiva and eye -Placenta -Parenternal route |
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Anthrax pathogen routes of entry |
Bacillus anthracis. -Inhalation anthrax (through resp. System) -Cutaneous anthrax (through skin lession) -Gastrointestinal anthrax (digestive system) |
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What does Salmonella typhii do? |
Crosses the intestinal wall and reaches blood stream. Phagocytosed and doesnt get killed. Taken to liver, spleen gallbladder. |
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Portal of entry through skins |
-Provides barrier to most pathogens, although some find their way through hair follicles. -Abrasions, buts, wounds, surgery and bites - |
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Parasitic larvae portal of entry |
Burrows through the skin |
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Bacteria present in... |
-The skin -External area of urogenital system -Intestine -Oral cavity |
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Sterile areas of the human body include... |
-Bladder -Lungs -Bone -Spinal cord -Brain -Internal area of Urogenital system -Blood |
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We provide microbes with... |
-Attachment sites -Moist environment -Ready source of nutrients -Oxygen and other factors |
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Microbes provide us... |
-Critical vitamins (vit. B6 and vit. K) -Aids in food digestion -Inhibits colonization of pathogens -Guides immune system |
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Non-membraneous organelles of bacteria include... |
-Cytoskeleton -Ribosomes |
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Resident microflora are normally found in... |
-Skin -Gut -Upper respiratory tract -Distal urethra |
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Transient microflora found in... |
Same places as resident microflora |
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Spirilum |
Rigid spirals such as spirillum volutans |
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Spirochete |
Flexible spirals such as Triponema pilladium or borellia burgdoferri |
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M |
Microscopic |
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I |
Independent unit |
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C |
Competitively less compleslx |
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R |
Rapid rate of multiplication |
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O |
Omnipresent |
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Transient microflora fail to persist because... |
-Competition from other microbes -Elimination by bodys defense cells -Physical/ chemical changes in body that dislodge them |
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2 names assigned in binomial nomenclature |
-Genus name -Species name |
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Exception to chromosome amount in prokaryotic cells |
Vibrio cholerae |
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Prokaryotic cell genetic material present in... |
Nucleiod area |
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Viruses |
Particles with protein coat caspid and genome DNA or RNA, but never both. |
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Viroids |
Infectious RNA molecules with no protein coat. INFECTS ONLY PLANTS. |
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Prions |
"Proteinaceous infectious viron". Protein molecule with infectious qualities like viral genome, however no genetic material |
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Algae cell wall |
Cellulose |
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Archaea cell wall |
Pseudopepridoglycan |
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Protozoa get nutrients by... |
Ingest particles of organic matter |
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Helminthes include |
-Tape worm -Fluke -Round worm |
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Borditella pertussis shape |
Coccobacillus |
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Bacterial shape is |
Not accidental and is biologically important. It is driven by many factors and IS GENETICALLY DETERMINED. |
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Bacterial shape os optimized due to |
The environment. |
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Morphology of Niessera gonorrhea morthphology |
Diplococci |
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Strep throat |
Steptococcus pyogenes |
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Bactera of pleomorphic morphology |
-Corynbacterium diptheriae -Microplasma pulmonae |
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Which is more fatal, V. Cholorae or V. Vulnificus. |
V. vulnificus |
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Example of diplococci bacteria |
Neisserra gonorrhea |
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Name a bacteria example for tetrad cell type |
Micrococcus leteus |
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Where do bacilli divide? |
Along the shorter axis |
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Collateral damage always occurs when... |
Host cells fight invading bacteria |
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Pathogens that use active defense |
-HIV -TB -EBV -Dengue -Measles |
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Enveloped viruses unclude |
-HIV -Herpes -Flu |
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Most pathogens avoid gastrointestinal route because... |
They get destroyed due to acidic environment, stomach enzymes and bile salts. |
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2 groups of viruses are |
-Enveloped -Nonenveloped |
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Non enveloped viruses include... |
-Polio -Hep A -Norwalk -Rotavirus |
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Bacteria that enter via gastrointestinal system due to oral fecal transmission include... |
-Cholera -Salmonella -Shigella |
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Protozoans that enter voa gastrointestinal system due to oral fecal transmission include... |
-Giardia sps. -Entamoeba sps. |
