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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two genera of pathogenic hemoflagellates?
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Leishmania (old and new world)
Trypanosoma (old and new world) |
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What special organelles do Trypanosomatids have?
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1) Kinetoplast
2) Undulating membrane 3) External flagellum |
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What are the four morphological forms of trypanosomatids?
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1) Trypomastigote - mammalian form
2) Epimastigote - Trypanosoma insect form 3) Promastigote - Leishmania insect form 4) Amastigote - intracellular replicative form |
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What are the cutaneous forms of Leichmaniasis?
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1. Old World Cutaneous: L. tropica
2. New World Cutaneous: L. mexicana and L. braziliensis |
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What are the visceral forms of Leichmaniasis?
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1. Old World Visceral - L. donovani and L. infantum
2. New World Visceral - L. chagasi |
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What is the main reservoir host for Leichmaniasis?
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Dogs
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How is Leichmaniasis transmitted?
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Bite of the sandfly infects hosts with promastigotes.
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How does Old-World Cutaneous Leichmaniasis present?
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Pathogen: L. tropica
Usually shows as a single ulcerating lesion on the face. Indurated and painless. |
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Does L. tropica infection require treatment?
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No. Typically self-healing.
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What cutaneous Leichmaniasis is found in the new world?
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Chiclero's. Caused by L. mexicana/braziliensis.
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How does Chiclero's Leichmaniasis typically present?
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Single lesion on the pinna of the ear, although diffuse cutaneous infections are possible.
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Does L. braziliensis present like L. mexicana?
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Primary ulcer may be similar, but secondary infection may result in lymphocutaneous ulcerations and progressive disease
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What's Kala Azar?
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Old-world visceral Leichmaniasis.
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Leichmania donovani infection primarily affects what to organs
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Liver and spleen. Skin darkening (black fever) may also occur, as well as glomerulonephritis due to AB complex deposition.
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What organism causes New World Visceral Leichmaniasis?
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L. chagasi
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How is Leichmaniasis diagnosed?
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Biopsy of ulcer. Skin test (Montenegro). PCR.
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West African Sleeping Sickness?
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Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
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East African Sleeping Sickness?
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Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense
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What is the Sleeping sickness vector?
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Tse-tse fly (both sexes)
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What is the Gambian reservoir for Sleeping Sickness? East African reservoir?
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1) Gambian - humans
2) Rhodesian - savannah antelope |
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Which affects the CNS more quickly - gambiense or rhodeiense?
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Rhodiense.
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What causes periodic bouts of parasitemia in Trypanosoma brucei infection?
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Antigenic variation
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Which sleeping sickness has lymphadenopathy in its acute phase?
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Both.
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Which sleeping sickness shows Winterbottom's sign in its chronic form?
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Gambian.
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What organism is responsible for American trypanosomiasis?
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Trypanosoma cruzi - Chagas' disease
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How does T. cruzi replicate in its host?
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Only intracellulary in the AMASTIGOTE form
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What is the vector for Chagas' disease?
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Reduvid bugs/Kissing bugs
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What are the chronic masifestations of Chagas' disease?
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1) Cardiomegaly
2) Megacolon and megaesophagus 3) CNS |
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What lymph sign is associated with Chagas' disease?
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Romana's Sign - lymphadenopathy at site of insect bite
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