Micro Final - Mycoses

Front 1

Black and white piedra

Back 1

Fungal infections of the hair

Front 2

Tinea nigra

Back 2

Fungal infection (ring worm) of the keratinized layer of skin caused by Cladosporium (Exophiala) werneckii

Front 3

Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Back 3

Chronic fungal infections characterized by nodular and ulcerative lesions that develop along the lymph glands that drain the primary site of inoculation

Front 4

Chromoblastomycosis

Back 4

Development of warty nodules at sites of fungal infection. Very slow growing (2mm/year). Caused by a variety of plant- and soil-dwelling fungi. Tropical. Demitaceous, meaning that it produces melanin-like pigment, hence "chromo".

Front 5

Tinea capitus

Back 5

Ring worm of the head. Problem among children

Front 6

Tinea pedis

Back 6

Athlete's foot. More common in men than women

Front 7

Tinea cruris

Back 7

Jock itch. Ring worm in the groin area. More common in men than women

Front 8

Mycetoma

Back 8

Caused by soil fungi and difficult to treat, frequently requiring surgery. Abscesses characterized by discharges containing pus. Following implantation of the etiologic agent, the primary lesion becomes locally invasive, indolent, tumor-like. It may also present with small, painless subcutaneous swellings. The lesions rupture, resulting in channels in tissue, swelling and distortion of the infected body part.

Front 9

Candidiasis

Back 9

Family of diseases of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Candida fungi.

Front 10

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC)

Back 10

Occurs secondary to radiation tx in cancer patients, and in HIV patients without sufficient antiretroviral therapy. Mucositis affects approximately 40% of patients receiving chemotherapy, and some of these pts will develop oropharyngeal candidiasis secondary to mucositis. OPC has very low mortality

Front 11

Vaginitis

Back 11

Candidiasis of the vaginal mucosa

Front 12

Diaper dermatitis

Back 12

Most common infection caused by Candida albicans.

Front 13

Pseudomembranous candidiasis

Back 13

Characterized by Hypha-BEC cross-links

Front 14

Histoplasmosis

Back 14

Systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum with several manifestations, including disseminated skin lesions, flu-like symptoms, acute pulmonary or acute pneumonitis, etc.

Front 15

Ulcerated granuloma

Back 15

Can be caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis

Front 16

Coccidioidomycosis

Back 16

Valley fever. Pneumonia-like symptoms. Caused by Coccidiodes immitis. Disseminated coccidiodomycosis can cause:

Chronic skin disease (ulcers or abscesses)
Joints / Bones (Severe synovitis and effusion that may affect knees, wrists, feet, ankles, and/or pelvis)
Lytic lesions commonly affecting the axial skeleton
**Meningeal Disease (The most feared complication--hydrocephalus is a frequent complication)
Others: May affect virtually any organ, including thyroid, GI tract, adrenal glands, genitourinary tract, pericardium, peritoneum

Front 17

Cryptococcosis

Back 17

Chronic meningitis is the most common disease. Headache, dizziness and irritability are the most common symptoms. The course of the infection is usually subacute or chronic. Cryptococcosis may also involve the skin, lungs, prostate gland, urinary tract, eyes, myocardium, bones, and joints. Spread to brain and meninges is hematogenous or through lymphatic system. Presenting symptoms usually caused by meningitis and encephalitis. Headache is the most common presenting symptom.

Front 18

Aspergillosis

Back 18

Opporunistic infection taking several forms:

allergic bronchopulmonary
pulmonary
invasive

Front 19

PCP

Back 19

Pneumocystis pneumonia. INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS with plasma cell infiltrate (chronic). Dstinct foamy appearance of alveoli. Early symptoms of PCP include fever and a persistent cough generally devoid of sputum. As the infection progresses, patients become progressively short of breath and ultimately have difficulty breathing even while at rest.

Front 20

Candidal esophagitis

Back 20

Can present with OPC. Characterized by dysphagia (a perception of difficulty with swallowing), odynophagia (pain during swallowing), substernal chest pain that is not clearly related to swallowing, and/or a feeling of obstruction in the chest. Between 3 and 10% of HIV-infected patients will first come to medical attention as the result of their first episode of candidal esophagitis. The incidence of overall rate of esophagitis among patients infected with HIV has been reported to be as high as 15 to 20%. Even with HAART, patients with advanced AIDS often suffer tremendously with candidal esophagitis.

Front 21

Systemic candidiasis

Back 21

Concern for HIV pts, and even among these it is very rare for candida to go systemic. IV drug users are an at-risk group.

Front 22

Tinea versicolor

Back 22

Fungal infection (ring worm) of the keratinized layer of skin caused by Malassezia furfur

Front 23

Invasive candidiasis

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Candida in the blood with or without deep organ candidiasis

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Tuberculosis

Back 24

Ghon lesion
Ranke complex
Healed primary infection

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Scrofula

Back 25

Lymphatic TB (a type of extrapulmonary TB)

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Pott's disease

Back 26

Skeletal TB (a type of extrapulmonary TB)

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Extrapulmonary TB

Back 27

Lymphatic (Scrofula)
Skeletal (Pott's)
Genitourinary
CNS