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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main microbes in meat fermentation?
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Pediococcus acidilactici
Lactobacillus plantarium |
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What do the microbes eat in meat fermentation?
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Sugar - it needs to be added
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What is blackslop?
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A bit of fermented meat from the day before is mixed in too to ensure correct bacteria
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What is curing?
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Addition of nitrates or nitrites which stabilize myoglobin
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What bacteria converts nitrate to nitrie?
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Micrococcus (converted aerobically)
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What organisms ferment bread? What is the main fermentation reaction?
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Yeast; in the case of sourdough, LAB too.
Sugars (added or from starch)--> ethanol + CO2 |
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What yeast and bacteria are used for sourdough?
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Candida milleri
Lactobacillus sanfranisco |
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What is pozol?
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Fermented maize product - fermentation by bacillus (fixes N)
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What are the main steps of soy sauce production?
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1. Koji production
2. moromi fermentation 3. refinement |
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What is Koji production?
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Soybeans are mashed with wheat; boiled, cooled then inoculated with mold (aspergillus). Enzymes produced by the mold incl. amylases, protenases - sugar is produced
**analogous to malting in beer |
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Moromi?
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Salt and water is added to Koji. LAB (plantarium) and yeasts added and allowed to ferment at 40C 6-8 months. Acids, alcohol produced
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How is it refined?
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Pressed, liquid collected and then pasteurized for safety and flavor development.
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What is used to produce Tempeh?
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Rhizopus oligosporos mold on soy beans. 1-2 days.
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Chica?
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Chewed up maize allowed to ferment: yeast + LAB = sour beer
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What is gari?
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Fermented cassava. Fermentation breaks down cyanogens and makes it safe to eat.
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Who initially theorized microbe/disease link, and who confirmed?
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Henle, and then Koch
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Who is the father of probiotics
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Elie Metchnikoff - he postulated that certain microbes we eat are good for the GI tract and prevent putrification (prolong life)
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What approx counts are in our SI? LI?
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SI - 10^5-10^7
LI - 10^10-10^12 |
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Why so high in the LI
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The LI is well buffered, is at physiological pH
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Name one probiotic in the SI/ LI
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SI - lactobacillus acidophilus
LI - Biffidobacteria |
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What is kefir?
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Fermented milk product - fermented from kefir grain = yeast + LAB. Contains probiotics.
Also contains FOS which is a pre-biotic |
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Name a probiotic which is believed to be good for immunity + how?
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Lactobacillus casei
Colonizes near Peyer's patch and promote antiinflammatory enzymes, stimulates immune system. Has to do with "unmethylated CG repeats". |
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What is Biffidobacteria "attenuation"
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Rapid change to local environment: Iron low in LI
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What is the special structure within Lactobacillus casei?
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"unmethylated CG repeats
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