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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TB test |
Test to see if has been previously exposed to TB before. |
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DTaP |
Diphtheria Toxoid Tetanus A-celluar pertussis |
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MMR |
Prevents Measles Mumps Rubella |
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Antropods |
Insects and stuff |
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Vectors |
Things that pass pathogens on |
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Pasterized |
Flash cooling and heating to reduce bacteria numbers |
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Irradiation |
Large doses of ionizing radiation to clean bacteria. Not harmful to eat, but super harmful to workers |
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Intoxication |
Just ingesting toxins makes you sick Happens really quickly |
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Infection |
Ingest bacteria that colonizes and makes you sick Takes some time |
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Filtering |
First water treatment Can disinfect or sterilize based on pore size |
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Waterborne pathogens passing on |
passed mainly on recreational water ussage |
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Protist |
Eukarya and unicelluar Have feeding form (amoeba looking) Have cyst form (spore like not as strong) |
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Autoclave |
Uses pressure and heat to sterilize Pressure allows it to get up to 121C |
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UV radiation |
Weak radiation used just to clean surfaces. Works by mutating things |
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Ionizing radiation |
Very strong radiation used to clean meat and things that can't be autoclaved |
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Why are antiprotist drugs harmful to us too? |
They are designed to target eukaryotic cells (which we are made up of) |
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Types of chemical cleaning |
*-cidal: agent that kills
*-static: agent that keeps bacteria from growing
*-lytic: lysis bacteria |
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Ways to quantify chemical cleaning agents? |
*Tube dilution method
*Disc diffusion method |
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Tube dilution method |
Dilute chemcials into tubes and put the same number of organims in each. Finds MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) |
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Disc diffusion method |
*Incubate lawn culture put in disk to test many different chemicals at once
*Shows relative inhibition (zone of inhibition) |
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Spectrum of activity |
How many different things an antibiotic will kill |
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Types of antibiotics |
*Inhibit cell wall *Inhibit bacterial metabiolic pathways *Inhibit bacterial protien synthsis |
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Inhibit cell wall antibiotics |
*Mainly attack peptidoglycan (not on mycobactum) *Lots have B-lactams *Non toxic to us *Penicillins and -cillins |
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Antibiotics inhibitting baterial matabolic pathways |
*Stops the unique metabiolic pathways in bacteria *Sulfa drugs *Some of the first antibiolics (made in 30's) *Cheap, short treatment, few sideffects, not much resistances *Looks like p-Aminobenzoic Acid so bacteria grab instead and die |
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Antibotics that inhibit protein synthsis |
*Bacteria ribosomes really different from ours, so non toxic *tetracycline (large spectrum and non toxic) and -mycins |
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How do bacteria get resistances? |
1. Decrease permability to drug 2. Increase efflux of drug 3. Inactivation of drug 4. Atteration of target 5. Develop alternate pathways |
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How does decreased permability happens? |
*Simple protein change *Mutation |
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Increased efflux of drug |
*Pump gets mutations and can bind to drug *R-plasmid comes in and gives bacterial cell a new pump that can pump out drug |
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Inactivation of drug |
*Very common *most common B-lactomase *Spread mostly through R-plasmid |
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Alteration of target |
*Changes its own enzymes so they don't bind to drug anymore *Not commmon *Mutation |
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Develop alternate pathway |
*Use of different enymes to do the same thins as the old enymes *Mutation |
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High resistances are due to? |
Overuse of antibiotics that provide selective pressure on mutants who are resistance to drug |
