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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What organism makes Infant flaccid after eaing honey
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clostridium botulinum
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Man as squamos cell carcinoma of penis is from what virus
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HPV
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Middle age male prsents with acute onset of monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell's palsy
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Lyme disease from Ixodes tick
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what are main features of exotoxins?
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exo in gram + and gram -
polypeptide located on plasmid or baceriophage high toxicity induce hig ab called antitoxins toxoids used to make vaccines destroyed at 60 deg |
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endotoxin features
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gram - bacteria
not secreted lipopolysaccharide bacteria chromosome low toxicity fever shock makes TNF and IL-1 poor antigen stable 100 deg |
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which gram + have exotoxins?
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corynebacterium diptheria
clostridium tetani clostridium botulinum clostridium perfingens bacillus anthracis staphylococcus aureus streptococcus pyogenes CCCCBSS |
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Gram - bacteria with exotoxins
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vibrio cholerae
bordetella pertussis E. Coli ViBE |
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exotoxin action corynebacterium diphtheriae
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inactivate EF-2 by ADP ribosylation, causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in throat
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Action of Clostridium tetani exotoxin
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Blocks release of inhibitory neruotransmitter glycine and causes lockjaw
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Exotoxin mode of action of Clostridium botulinum
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Glocks the release of ACH, causes CNS paralysis and spores cna be found in cannned food and honey
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Exotoxin of Closridium perfringens
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alpth toxin is a lecithinase, causes gas gangrene and get double zone of hemolyisis on blood agaar
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exotoxin of bacillus anthracis
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Has 2 toxins, one toxin is an adenylate cyclase
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Exotoxin of Staphyloccus aureus
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superantigen that binds to class II MHC protein and T-cell receptor, this induces IL-1 and IL-2 synthesis in toxic shock syndrome, also causes food poision with rapid onset
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Exotoxin to streptococcus pyogenes
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erthrogenic toxin is a SUPERANTIGEN that casuses rash of scarlet fever
Streptolysin O is hemolysin and the antigen for the ASO antibody. |
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Vibrio cholerae endotoxin
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stimulated adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation of G protein
Increases pumping of Cl- and H2o into gut Causes rice-water diarrhea |
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exotoxin bordetella pertussis
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Simulates adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation
causes whooping cough, inhibits chemokine receptor causes lyphocytosis |
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N-dotoxin is an intergral part of
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gram-N egative cell wall
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endotoxin especially lipid A activates
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macrophages>
IL-1> fever TNF> fever hemorrhagic tissue necrosis Nitric Oxide> hypotension, shock |
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endotoxin activates
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alternative complement pathway
C3a> hypotension Edema C5a> Neutrophil chemotaxis |
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Endotoxin activates Hageman factor which causes
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coagulation cascade> DIC
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T-hese R-aschals M-ay M-icroscopically L-ack C-olor
AKA don't stain well |
Treponema
Rickettsia Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Legionella pneumophila Chlamydia |
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M-enin G-ococci ferment
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Maltose and Glucose
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gram + rods
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clostridium
corynebacterium listeria bacillus |
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gram+ cocci catalase negative
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Staphy epidermis, Novobiocin sensitive
S. saprophyticus, novobiocin resistant |
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gram + cocci, catalase -
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Streptococcus
S pneumoniae Optochin Sensitive Viridian sreptococci- Optochin resistant, not bile soluble S. pyogenes- Bacitracin sensitive S. agalactiae- Bacitracin resistant Enterococcus faecalis Peptostreptococcus- anaerobe |
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N. gonorrhoeae media
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Thayer Martin, VCN
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C. diphtheria agar
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blood agar, tellurite plate, loffler
s medium |
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M. Tuberculosis culture media
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Lowenstien-Jensen Agar
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Lactose fermenting enterics grow on what media
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Pink colonies on Mac Conkey's agar
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Legionella Pneumophilia isolate on what media
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Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with iron and cysteine
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Media used to isolate fungi
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Sabouraud agar, high in sugar
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What is the stain used to diagnose Whipple's disease
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PAS
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Was stain is used for acid fast pacteria?
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Ziehl-Neelsen
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India Ink is used to stain
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Giemsa's stain is useful for
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Borrelia, plasmodium, trypansosomes and chlamydia
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Who is the president of the united states
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me
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What does PAS stain?
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Glycogen, mucopolysaccharides
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P. AERuginosa is seen in burn wounds
nosocomial pneumonia cystic fibrosis pneumonia |
AERobe
P. AERuginosa is an AERobe |
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The obligate aerobes
Nagging Pest Must Breathe |
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus |
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The obligate anaerobes
"They know their ABC's" |
Actnomyces
clostridium Bacteroides |
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What are porperties of anaerobes
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Lack catalase or suproxide dismutase and are easily oxidative damage
They are foul smelling, difficult to culture and produce gas in tissue CO2 and H2. |
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Wher are anaerobes found
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GI tract, pathogenic else where.
AminO2glycosides are ineffective agains anaerobes because they need O2 to get into cell |
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Obligate Intracellular bugs
"Stay inside when it is Really Cold |
Rickettsia and Chlyamydia, Can't make own ATP
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Faculative intracellula
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Mycobacterium
Brucella Francisella Listeria Yersinia Legionella Salmonella |
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Encapsulated bacteria have polysaccharide as antiphagocytic virulence and has a positive
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Quellung reaction, when present capsule sweels with specific anticapsular is added
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Which bacteria form spores
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Gram positive
Bacillus anthracis Clostridium perfingens C tetani must autoclave to kill spores |
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Bacteria that are alpha hemolytic
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Streptococcs Pneumoniae
Viridans streptococci |
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Bacteria that are Beta Hemolytic
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S. Pyrogenes
S. agalactiae S. aureus Listeria Monocytogenes-minigitis in newbors, unpastureized milk |
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what is the property of catalase
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degrade h2O2 a substrate for myeloperoxidase
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Rhuematic Fever equals
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P=polyarthritis
E=erythema marginatum C=chorea C=Carditis S=Subcutaneous nodules |
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group A strep, pyrogenes virulence factors
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Lipoteichoic acids, bind epithelial cells
M protein is the antigen and make Ab for, it antiphagocytic and degrades C3b Streptolysin S-lyses leukocytes, platelets and erthro Streptolysin O- immunogenic Streptolysin S. Streptokinase-lyses blood clots, spread thru issue DNASE's- depolymerizes cell free DNA in purulent material |
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What streptroccocus gamma hemolytic that grows on blood and chocolate agar that causes nosocomial infections
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enterococcal endocarditis
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Enterococci are penicillin G reisistant and cause
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UTI and subacute endocarditis
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The lancefield group D includes group D enterococci and nonenterococcal group D strep and is bases upon differences in
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The C carbohydrate on the bacterial cell wall
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Dental Caries are caused by this alpha hemolytic viridans strept
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Streptococcus mutans
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Cosdtridium tetan has an exotoxin that
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Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmiter from renshaw cells in spinal cord
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Clostridum botulinum has an heat-liable toxin that inhibits
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ACh release causing botulism
BOTulinum is from bat BOTtles of food |
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Clostridium perfingens produces and
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Alpha toxin and hmolytic lecithinase tha causes myonecrosis or gas gangrene
PERFingens PERForates the gangrenous leg |
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Clostridum difficile produces and cytotoxin, and exotoxin that kills enterocyts and causes
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Pseudomembranous colitis
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Which acteria has exotoxin encoded by Beta prophage and inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
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Clostridium diphtheriae
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Coryne= club shaped and grows on tellurite agar
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Corynebacerium diphtheriae
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Pseudomembranous pharyngitis with lymphadeopathy
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What are the symptoms of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Lab diagnosis based on gram positive rods with metachromic granules
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Corynebaceterium diphtheriae
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The ABC's of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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ADP ribosylation
Beta-prophage Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Elongation Factor 2 Granules |
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inhalation of these spores can cause woosorters disease
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What is antrax, black skin lesions
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Actionmyces israeliiis a gram positive anarobe and causes
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oral/facial abscesses with sulfur granules that may drain thru sinus tracts in skin
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Nocardia asteroides as a gram postive and acid fast aerobe that causes
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pulomary infection in ummunocompromised paients
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SNAP
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sulfa for
Nocardia; Actionmyces use Penicillin |
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long branching gram positive rods
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actinomyces and nocardia
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Gram negative bugs are resistant to benzyl penicillin G but may be susceptible to
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penicillin derivatives such as ampicillin
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Actinomyces isralli can lead to
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muliple abcess
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propionibacterium acne are short chains of gram + rods and associated with
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teen acne and prosthetic devices infections
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gram - rod common in abdominal infections following surgery
Virulence includes agglutins, capsule, collagenase and IgA proteases |
Bacteroides fragilis
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WHat test is used to ID C.perfringens
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Nagler test
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What are the three main gram - spirochetes
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Treponema
Borerelia Leptospira |
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T. pallidum pallidum
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Syphilis, sexual contact, congenital transmission, lesion increase AIDS transmission
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Syphilis spread
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skin, mucoous
lymph nodes skin, flu-like illness CNS dementia aorrtic lesions multiorgan malformation |
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symptoms of primary syphilis
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localized disease painless chancre
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secondary syphilis
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Dissseminated idsease with maculopapular rash, condylomata lata
Secondary syphilis=systemic |
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Tetiary sypthilis
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Gummas=granuomatous lesions,
neurosyphilis, tabes dorsalis, argyll robertson pupil |
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How diagnoses syphilis?
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FTA-ABS=Find The Antibody-Absolutely:
most specific, earliest positive, remains positive the longest |
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Less specific tess for treponemes?
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VDRL has the following false positives
Viruses, non, hepatitis Drugs Rheumatic feve and rheumatic arthritis Luppus and Leprosy |
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Treponemal disesase that casuses yaws
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T. pertenue , non SD in tropics
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Only spirochete that can ve visualized by Giemsa light stain
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Borrelia recurrentis,
relaspsing fever caused by antigentic variation |
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Borrrelia recurrentis is caused by body louses and treated with
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tetracyclen and erythomycin
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Leptrospira interoogans causes
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Weils' disease
jaundice hemorrage renal failure myocarditis 10-35 days |
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L. Interrogans enters bia
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cuts abrassions and damages small bblood vessels and enter CNS
myalagia, headache, ab pain, miningitis, rash fever exposure on farms watersports and rats |
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chlamydia is an
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intracellular parasite
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E-lementary body E-nters the cell via endocytosis
where R-eticulate body |
replicates in cell by fission
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clinical symptons of chlamydiae
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arthritis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, nongonoccal urethritis
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Chlamydia psittaci
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avial reservoir
Parrot fever, headache, fever, chills, cns headache death, tetracycline, erythomycin enters repiratory tract, liver and spleen in blood and focal necrosis |
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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arthritis
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Chlamydia pneumonia
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only in humans and causes atypical pneumonia and transmitted by aerosol
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How do you diagnose chylamydiae
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cytoplasmic incusion on Giemsa or fluorescent antibody-stained smear
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Shylamydia trachomatis serotypes
A,B,C |
Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection
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Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes
L1,L2,L3 |
lymphogranuloam venereum
Acute lymphadenitis- positive Frei test |
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Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K
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Everything else
urethritis/PID, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal conjunctivitis Treat with erytromycin eye drops |
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gram + bacteria responsible for vaginitis
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MOBILUNCUS MULIERIS
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What causes rocy mountain spotted fever
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ricketsia rickettsii
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what causes q fever
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Coxielle burnetii
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Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular parsites because
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they can ont produce suficient energy to replicate extracellularly that divide by binary fission
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Weil-Felix test is used to id rickettssi by
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cross reaction with antigens of the OX strains of proteus vulgaris
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Q fever, C. burnetii is transmited by
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Aerosol and inhaled into the lungs
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All rickettsial diseases have antropod host such as ticks, lice, fleas and mites except
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Epidemic typhus which occurs only in humans because the organism, R prowazekii is transmitted by human body louse
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Ricettsial disease that has acute onset of fever, sever headach, myalgia, and prostration, ras appears 2-6 days beginning with macules and progress to petechiae. Rash begins on hands and feet and then move inward to the trunk.
DIC, edema, delirium and coma can occur |
Rocky mountain spotted fever
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Tick is the major reservor and it predominant on the east coast.
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever, r. rickettsii
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THis disease has a combination of hepatitis and pneumonia and does not present as rash. It's important reservoir is a cattle or sheep and goats. and infects humans by aerosol inhalation
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Q fever, coxiella burnetti and is usullay resolved even without antibiotics
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Typus group of rickettsia
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R. prowazekii,
R. typhi r. tsutsugamushi |
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R. typhi is found in southern regions of California and Texas and symptoms include
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Sudden onset of chills, fever, headache, ifluenza 1-3 weeks after louse bite, 5-9 day the maculopapular rash begins on the trunk and spreads out. Rash spares face, palms and soles.
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Epidemic typhis is transmided pereson t oberson by human body louse and associated with
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wars, proverty in developing countries
AKA Brill-Zinsser disease. |
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Diagnosis of rickettsial is serological test, indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA test, where treatment is
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tetracycline or chloramphenicol.
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Reiter's syndrome is characterized by urethritis, arthritis and uveitis and is an anutoimmun disease caused by antibodies fromed against this bacteria
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C.trachomatis, and cross reaccts with antigens on the cell of the urethra, jonts and uveal tract
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These are the smallest free living organism and the organisms considered wall-less and have cholesterol in their membrane
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What are mycoplasmas
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection produce autoantibodies to
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RBC-cold agglutinis
, brain, lung liver cells |
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Mycoplasma pneumonia is the mostly seen in
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youn adults, collaege and military perosnnel
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cold agglutinins are
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IgM autoantibodies against type O red blood cess atha agglutinate at 4 degress but not at 37 degress.
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Mycoplasma hominis is implicated in
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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4 characterisctics of enterobacteriaceae
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all facultative anaerobes
all ferment glucose alloxidase-negative all reduce nitrates to nitrites to get energy |
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the polysaccharide in the cell wall is alson known as the
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o antigen and found in E. coli and salmonella
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this antigen is on the flagella only and found in escherichia , salmonella and klesiella and shigella
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H antigen
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