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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 major groups of fungi
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mushrooms, yeasts, and molds
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Specific Risk Factors
for Opportunistic Fungal Infxns |
broad spectrum antibiotics
radiation/chemotherapy corticosteroids surgery catheterization Micro-37-ppt-9 |
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Fungal Cell Wall Components
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Chitin
Beta Glucan Mannan Micro-37-ppt-15 |
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Chitin
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Rigid Polysaccharide Component of Fungal Cell Wall
Micro-37-ppt-15 |
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Beta Glucan
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Fungal Cell Wall Component
Micro-37-ppt-15 |
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Mannan
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Fungal Cell Wall Component
Micro-37-ppt-15 |
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Fungal Membrane Antimicrobial Target
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Ergosterol/zymosterol
Micro-37-ppt-15 |
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Thermal Dimorphic
Conversion |
When a fungus grows as yeast at one temp and mold at another (eg 25 C vs 37C)c
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Yeast
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Oval fungal cell that reproduces through budding
Micro-37-ppt-20 |
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encapsulated yeast
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"Automatically go for cryptococcus"-
Micro-37-ppt-25 |
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Pseudohypha
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elongated yeast cell
occurs when budding yeast cells fail to detach increased SA: better adherence to human tissue larger cell: more resistant to phagocytosis Micro-37-ppt-26 |
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Germ tube
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elongated appendage growing from a yeast cell,
a virulence factor for adhesion and invasion (proteases) Only C. albicans and C dubliniensis capable of forming germ tube Micro-37-ppt-29 Micro-39-pdf-3 |
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Mold
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Multicellular filamentous colony
Micro-37-ppt-31 |
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Hypha
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long filament of cells, characteristic of mold
(compare to pseudohyphae, characteristic of yeast) Micro-37-ppt-37 |
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Hyphal Septation of
Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor |
Aspergillus is septate
Rhizopus and Mucor are not Micro-37-ppt-39 |
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Mycelium
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mat of hyphae (mold)
Micro-37-ppt-41 |
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Fungal Spores
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Aka sporangiospores
Asexual Reproduction Produced within the Sporangium (Sac) on the end of the sporangiophore (Stalk) Micro-37-ppt-44 |
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Sporangium
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The sac which contains fungal spores (aka sporangiospores)
An asexual reproductive structure, located on the end of a sporangiophore (stalk) Micro-37-ppt-44 |
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Sporangiophore
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Stalk which bears the sporangium (sac) full of spores (aka sporangiospores, asexual reproduxn)
Micro-37-ppt-44 |
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Conidium
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Non-ensaculated cluster of spores (conidiospores) on the end of a conidiophore (stalk).
Micro-37-ppt-49 |
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Conidiophore
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The hyphal stalk of a mold which bears the conidium (a non-ensaculated cluster of spores (conidiospores))
Micro-37-ppt-50 |
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Fungi with Conidium
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Penicillin and Aspergillis
Micro-37-ppt-53 |
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Arthroconidium
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Spore prodxn via hypha fragmenting
Micro-37-ppt-56 |
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Chlamydoconidium
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Spore prodxn via swollen hypha
like bacterial endospores: suvival mode. don't see in ts unless almost dead. don't see in clture for weeks. Candida Micro-37-ppt-56 |
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Microcondium
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Organism: Trichophytion (dematophyte)
unicellular spore bud (dematophyte) Micro-37-ppt-63 |
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Macroconidium
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Organism: Microsporum (dematophyte)
multicellular spore bud Micro-37-ppt-63 |
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Blastoconidium
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Spore prodxn via by budding
Candida Micro-37-ppt-56 |
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Mycosis
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fungal disease: produces inflammation and granulomas
No toxigenic virulence factors (eg, exotoxins, endotoxins) are associated with a mycosis. Micro-37-ppt-72 |
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Systemic/Endemic Mycoses
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Coccidiodomycosis
extremely serious Micro-37-pdf-7 |
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Superficial Mycoses
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Thrush and Dermatophytes
Micro-37-pdf-7 |
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Subcutaneous Mycoses
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Sporotrichosis and Myetoma
Micro-37-pdf-7 |
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Opportunistic Mycoses
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Candidaisis and Crytpococcosis
Micro-37-pdf-7 |
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Madura foot
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Gross Manifestation of Subcutaneous Mycoses
Micro-37-ppt-78 |
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What Patients Get
Candidia Mucosal Infections |
Pts with Immunosuppression, contraceptive, antibiotics
Micro-37-ppt-78 |
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What Patients Get
Candidia Skin Infections |
elderly & obese: moist areas of folded skin
Micro-37-ppt-78 |
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Candidal paronychia
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localized inflammation around the nails
Micro-37-ppt-78 |
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Systemic Candidiasis
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Respiratory, UTI, candidemia
Micro-37-ppt-78 |
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Virulence Attributes of Candida
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Adherence to tissue & prosthesis (biofilms)
Form germ tubes & hyphae (tissue invasion) Extracellular enzymes: phospholipase, proteinase, hemolysin (break down tissue) Micro-37-ppt-87 |
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Growing Fungi in the Lab
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•Aerobes for most part
•Submit suitable specimens •Safety cabinets for molds •Avoid inhaling spores •Yeasts grow rapidly, identified biochemically •Molds may require weeks to mature, identified structurally Micro-37-ppt-93 |
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What Patients get Oral Candidiasis
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Pt's with
chornic local irritant ill-fitting or poorly maintained appliances pts with disturbed oral microbiota Micro-37-pdf-8 |
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Cryptococcus
Features Patients |
Polysaccharide Encapsulated yeast resistant to immune defenses.
Oral infections seen in HIV patients. Micro-37-pdf-8 |
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Common Media for Fungi Growth
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•Sabouraud agar
•Potato dextrose agar Micro-37-ppt-94 |
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Staining Skin Scrapings of Fungi
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10% KOH (clears tissue) for direct observation
Gram Stain Chlorazole Black (India Ink & KOH) "I cannot stress enough how fast a physicaln can emake a presumptive dx just by using a scraping or lesion under the microscope" -Dr. J Micro-37-ppt-94 |
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Ketoconazole-itraconazole
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Anything with an azole inhibits ergosterol synthesis
Used vs Candida Micro-37-ppt-97 |
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Amphotericin B
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A Polyene (like nystatin)
Targets ergosterol to cause membrane damage. Used vs. Systemic Fungi Micro-37-ppt-97 |
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Griseofluvin
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Targets MT's to interfere with mitosis
Used vs dermatophytes Micro-37-ppt-97 |
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Flycytosine
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interferes with DNA and protein synthesis
Micro-37-ppt-97 |
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Terbinafine
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Used vs. dermatophytes
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis Micro-37-ppt-98 |
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Caspofungin
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Used vs Candida & Aspergillus
Inhibits glucan synthesis (cel wall) Micro-37-ppt-98 |
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Endemic Mycoses Ranges
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image
Micro-39-ppt-3 |
