Micro Exam Chapter 8

Front 1

what are the 4 nucleotides in dna?

Back 1

A T C G

Front 2

how many links are between A T?

Back 2

2

Front 3

how many links are between C G?

Back 3

3

Front 4

which nucleotides are pyramidine?

Back 4

C T

Front 5

which nucleotides are purine?

Back 5

A G

Front 6

what are the two groups attached to the rna nucleotides?

Back 6

phosphate and ribose

Front 7

what is the order of the enzymes in dna replication?

Back 7

helicase

primase

polymerase

ligase

Front 8

what does dna helicase do in dna replication?

Back 8

unwinds and breaks bonds

Front 9

what does primase do in dna replication?

Back 9

adds short rna nucleotides

Front 10

what does polymerase do in dna replication?

Back 10

adds dna nucleotides

Front 11

what does ligase do in dna replication?

Back 11

rejoins dna

Front 12

what happens during transcription?

Back 12

info in Dna is copied as rna

Front 13

what are the 5 steps of transcription?

Back 13

1. rna polymerase bonds to promoter and dna unwinds

2. rna is synthesized by base pairing of nucleotides from dna template

3. site of synthesis moves along dna and rewinds

4. reaches terminator

5. rna and rna polymerase are released and helix reforms

Front 14

where does transcription take place in eukaryotes?

Back 14

nucleus

Front 15

where does transcription take place in prokaryotes?

Back 15

cytoplasm

Front 16

what are the nucleotide bases in transcription?

Back 16

A U C G

Front 17

what happens during translation?

Back 17

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 18

what happens during translation?

Back 18

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 19

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 19

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 20

what happens during translation?

Back 20

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 21

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 21

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 22

what is tRNA?

Back 22

transfer rna

Front 23

what happens during translation?

Back 23

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 24

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 24

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 25

what is tRNA?

Back 25

transfer rna

Front 26

what is rRNA?

Back 26

ribosomal rna

Front 27

what happens during translation?

Back 27

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 28

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 28

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 29

what is tRNA?

Back 29

transfer rna

Front 30

what is rRNA?

Back 30

ribosomal rna

Front 31

what is a codon?

Back 31

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 32

what happens during translation?

Back 32

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 33

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 33

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 34

what is tRNA?

Back 34

transfer rna

Front 35

what is rRNA?

Back 35

ribosomal rna

Front 36

what is a codon?

Back 36

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 37

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 37

UAA UAG UGA

Front 38

what happens during translation?

Back 38

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 39

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 39

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 40

what is tRNA?

Back 40

transfer rna

Front 41

what is rRNA?

Back 41

ribosomal rna

Front 42

what is a codon?

Back 42

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 43

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 43

UAA UAG UGA

Front 44

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 44

AUG

Front 45

what happens during translation?

Back 45

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 46

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 46

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 47

what is tRNA?

Back 47

transfer rna

Front 48

what is rRNA?

Back 48

ribosomal rna

Front 49

what is a codon?

Back 49

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 50

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 50

UAA UAG UGA

Front 51

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 51

AUG

Front 52

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 52

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 53

what happens during translation?

Back 53

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 54

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 54

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 55

what is tRNA?

Back 55

transfer rna

Front 56

what is rRNA?

Back 56

ribosomal rna

Front 57

what is a codon?

Back 57

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 58

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 58

UAA UAG UGA

Front 59

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 59

AUG

Front 60

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 60

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 61

what are the 4 types of mutation?

Back 61

base substitution

missense

nonsense

frameshift

Front 62

what happens during translation?

Back 62

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 63

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 63

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 64

what is tRNA?

Back 64

transfer rna

Front 65

what is rRNA?

Back 65

ribosomal rna

Front 66

what is a codon?

Back 66

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 67

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 67

UAA UAG UGA

Front 68

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 68

AUG

Front 69

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 69

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 70

what are the 4 types of mutation?

Back 70

base substitution

missense

nonsense

frameshift

Front 71

what is a base substitution mutation?

Back 71

base is changed

Front 72

what happens during translation?

Back 72

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 73

what is a missense mutation?

Back 73

amino acid is changed completely

Front 74

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 74

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 75

what is tRNA?

Back 75

transfer rna

Front 76

what is rRNA?

Back 76

ribosomal rna

Front 77

what is a codon?

Back 77

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 78

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 78

UAA UAG UGA

Front 79

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 79

AUG

Front 80

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 80

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 81

what are the 4 types of mutation?

Back 81

base substitution

missense

nonsense

frameshift

Front 82

what is a base substitution mutation?

Back 82

base is changed

Front 83

what happens during translation?

Back 83

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 84

what is a missense mutation?

Back 84

amino acid is changed completely

Front 85

what is a nonsense mutation?

Back 85

causes chain to stop too soon

Front 86

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 86

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 87

what is tRNA?

Back 87

transfer rna

Front 88

what is rRNA?

Back 88

ribosomal rna

Front 89

what is a codon?

Back 89

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 90

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 90

UAA UAG UGA

Front 91

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 91

AUG

Front 92

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 92

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 93

what are the 4 types of mutation?

Back 93

base substitution

missense

nonsense

frameshift

Front 94

what is a base substitution mutation?

Back 94

base is changed

Front 95

what happens during translation?

Back 95

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 96

what is a missense mutation?

Back 96

amino acid is changed completely

Front 97

what is a nonsense mutation?

Back 97

causes chain to stop too soon

Front 98

what is a frameshift mutation?

Back 98

insertion or deletion of pairs

Front 99

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 99

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 100

what is tRNA?

Back 100

transfer rna

Front 101

what is rRNA?

Back 101

ribosomal rna

Front 102

what is a codon?

Back 102

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 103

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 103

UAA UAG UGA

Front 104

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 104

AUG

Front 105

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 105

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 106

what are the 4 types of mutation?

Back 106

base substitution

missense

nonsense

frameshift

Front 107

what is a base substitution mutation?

Back 107

base is changed

Front 108

what happens during translation?

Back 108

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 109

what is a missense mutation?

Back 109

amino acid is changed completely

Front 110

what is a nonsense mutation?

Back 110

causes chain to stop too soon

Front 111

what is a frameshift mutation?

Back 111

insertion or deletion of pairs

Front 112

what happens during the lactose operon?

Back 112

gene expression is controlled

lactose binds to repressor protein and dna is transcribed

Front 113

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 113

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 114

what is tRNA?

Back 114

transfer rna

Front 115

what is rRNA?

Back 115

ribosomal rna

Front 116

what is a codon?

Back 116

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 117

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 117

UAA UAG UGA

Front 118

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 118

AUG

Front 119

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 119

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 120

what are the 4 types of mutation?

Back 120

base substitution

missense

nonsense

frameshift

Front 121

what is a base substitution mutation?

Back 121

base is changed

Front 122

what happens during translation?

Back 122

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 123

what is a missense mutation?

Back 123

amino acid is changed completely

Front 124

what is a nonsense mutation?

Back 124

causes chain to stop too soon

Front 125

what is a frameshift mutation?

Back 125

insertion or deletion of pairs

Front 126

what happens during the lactose operon?

Back 126

gene expression is controlled

lactose binds to repressor protein and dna is transcribed

Front 127

what is repression?

Back 127

blocks rna polymerase

decreases transcription

always off

Front 128

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 128

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 129

what is tRNA?

Back 129

transfer rna

Front 130

what is rRNA?

Back 130

ribosomal rna

Front 131

what is a codon?

Back 131

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 132

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 132

UAA UAG UGA

Front 133

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 133

AUG

Front 134

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 134

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 135

what are the 4 types of mutation?

Back 135

base substitution

missense

nonsense

frameshift

Front 136

what is a base substitution mutation?

Back 136

base is changed

Front 137

what happens during translation?

Back 137

proteins are made from mRNA

Front 138

what is a missense mutation?

Back 138

amino acid is changed completely

Front 139

what is a nonsense mutation?

Back 139

causes chain to stop too soon

Front 140

what is a frameshift mutation?

Back 140

insertion or deletion of pairs

Front 141

what happens during the lactose operon?

Back 141

gene expression is controlled

lactose binds to repressor protein and dna is transcribed

Front 142

what is repression?

Back 142

blocks rna polymerase

decreases transcription

always on

Front 143

what is induction?

Back 143

increases transcription

always on

Front 144

what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do?

Back 144

A is where amino acids enter

P is where peptide bonds form

E is where tRNA exits

Front 145

what is tRNA?

Back 145

transfer rna

Front 146

what is rRNA?

Back 146

ribosomal rna

Front 147

what is a codon?

Back 147

a genetic code with 3 nucleotides

Front 148

what are the 3 stop codons?

Back 148

UAA UAG UGA

Front 149

what is the start codon for translation?

Back 149

AUG

Front 150

what are the 7 steps of translation?

Back 150

1. mRNA binds to rRNA

2. starts at aug

3. tRNA adds codon to A site

4. tRNA shifts to P site

5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed

6. a new code is added

7. stops at stopper codons

Front 151

what are the 4 types of mutation?

Back 151

base substitution

missense

nonsense

frameshift

Front 152

what is a base substitution mutation?

Back 152

base is changed

Front 153

what is transformation?

Back 153

bacterial cell takes up foreign dna

Front 154

what is transformation?

Back 154

bacterial cell takes up foreign dna

Front 155

what is conjugation?

Back 155

pili exchange plasmids