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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Human only host
Spread by cysts in feces, cysts live in large intestine Produces flask-shaped ulcers and liver abscesses Difficult to detect |
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Giardia intestinalis (lamblia)
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Most common protozoa in US
Face of old man Stool samples and Entero-string test Found in daycares and nursing homes |
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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No cysts formed
Live in urogenital tract (strawberry cervix) Both partners should be treated |
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Cryptosporidium parvum
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Completes cycle in one host
Oocytes – intracellular in small intestine Autoinfection Water-borne Causes diarrhea |
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Plasmodium
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Malaria
Has 2 stages – in liver and red blood cells |
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Most deadly form of malaria, have multiple rings in single RBC
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Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale. & P. malariae
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Low parasitemia (low number of infected cells)
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Definitive host – cats
Natural intermediates – mice and rodents Leading cause of birth defects (pregnant women avoid cat litter) Croissant-shaped cysts in muscle and brain |
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Enterobius vermicularis
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Nematode – round worm
Most common nematode infection in US Humans only Adults in LI Lay eggs in anal folds Flat egg with larvae inside Male – curve, smaller than female Female – pin end Use scotch tape Must treat entire family |
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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Largest nematode – round worm
Human only Female is larger than male Adults in small intestine Migrate to liver, lungs, and are swallowed Fertilized eggs have irregular ruffled surface Migration to lungs causes → PIE syndrome: pneumonitis, infiltration, eosinophilia Don’t attach to intestine |
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Necator americanus
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Hookworms
Attach to villi in small intestine Egg – multiple cells when layed, thin membrane/shell Larvae have pointy nose to penetrate skin Migrate to lungs → PIE syndrome: pneumonitis, infiltration, eosinophilia Causes iron efficiency |
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Trichinella spiralis
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Larvae are disease causing, cyst in striated and cardiac muscle
Adult don’t shed eggs, are in small intestine No effective treatment |
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Taenia saginata
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beef tapeworm
Man – definitive host Extremely long with 4 cup-like suckers |
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Taenia solium
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pork tapeworm
Man – definitive host Proglottid – shorter and fatter than other one Eggs are spherical Risk for cysticercosis – cysts in brain |
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Clostridium perfingens
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Food poisoning – intense abdominal cramps and diarrhea (short lived)
Gas gangrene 3rd most common food borne disease |
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Clostridium difficile
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Antibiotic-induced diarrhea
Pseudomembranous colitis – performation of colon, infection with fecal bacteria |
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Clostridium botulinum
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Flaccid paralysis – floppy
Spores heat resistant Toxin prevents acetylcholine release = no muscle contraction Death by – respiratory muscle paralysis Fatality 100% if untreated Food-borne – ingest preformed toxin Infant – most common form, spore ingestion, don’t give antibiotics Wound – gets into wound |
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Clostridium tetani
lock jaw |
Spastic paralysis – tightening Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitter Muscular contraction but no relax Death b/c cannot exhale |
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Rickettsia rickettsiae
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Rocky mountain spotted fever
Vector – tick Reservoir – ticks, rodents Mortality – 20% untreated, 1% treated Hard to grow Target – endothelium Cellular location – cytosol Obligate intracellular parasite – must be inside cells |
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Ehrlichia/Ehrlichiosis
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Obligate intracellular
Vacuole bound morulae Host target cell – leukocytes Cellular location – cytoplasmic morulae Human – accidental host More common in adults Difficult to diagnosis – gold standard is isolation Treatment – tetracycline |
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Bortonella henselae
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Cat scratch disease
Gram negative bacilli Fastidious growth requirements (picky eater) Facultative intracellular (goes both ways) Cat’s don’t get disease Symptoms – papule/pustule, regional adenopathy Immunocompromised – tumor-like lesions on hands and face |
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Lyme disease
Spirochete Extracellular pathogens Tick borne Human – dead end host Vector – ticks Reservoir – rodents and deer (ideal package) 3 stages – bulls eye rash |
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Treponema pallidum
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Syphilis
Spirochete |
