Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which of the following is the MOST EFFECTIVE method of microbicidal control
a. Dry Heat b. Moist Heat c. Moist heat under pressure d. Dry heat under pressure |
c. Moist heat under pressure
At 121 degrees Celsius/ 15 PSI---This method is QUICKER taking about 10-40min. Dry Heat takes up to 600 min. (Ch 11, Slide #14, 16; p 324) |
|
|
A microbactericidal agent has what effect?
a. Sterilizes b. Inhibits microorganisms c. Is toxic to human cells d. Destroys microorganisms |
d. Destroys microorganisms
Think "cidal" as in "suicide" KILLS. (Ch 11) |
|
|
Sterilization is a process by which
a. The microbial loan on an object is reduced b. the object is made sterile with chemicals c. Utensils are scrubbed d. Skin is debrided |
b. the object is made sterile with chemicals
(Ch 11, Slide #15) |
|
|
The temperature pressure combination for an autoclave is
a. 100c and 4 psi b. 121 c and 15 psi c. 131 c and 9 psi d. 115c and 3psi |
b. 121 c and 4 psi (10-40 min--Moist Heat)
(Ch 11, Slide #14-16) |
|
|
A compound synthesized by bacteria and fungi that destroys and inhibit growth of other microbes is an
a. Synthetic drug b. Antibiotic c. Antimicrobial drug d. Competitive inhibitor |
b. Antibiotic-
substances produced by metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms (Ch 12; Table 12.2; p 350) |
|
|
List 4 types of antimicrobial drugs used to control microbes.
|
a. Penicillins-(inhibits cell wall synthesis, cell lysis)
b. Cephalosporins (inhibits cell wall synthesis; cell lysis) c. Aminoglycosides (Blocks protein synthesis) d. Tetracycline antibiotics (Inhibits protein synthesis) (Ch 12, Slide #18,19; p?) |
|
|
List the 4 modes of action of antimicrobial drugs
|
a. Inhibition of cell wall
b. Inhibition of protein synthesis c. Disruption of cell membrane structure d. Inhibition of nucleic acid (Ch 12, Slide 7; p 351) |
|
|
List the portals of exit of infectious agents
|
Portals of Exit:
(1) Respiratory, Saliva (2) Skin scales (3) Urogenital tract (4) Fecal exit (5) Removal of blood (Ch 13, Slide #26 Fig 13.3; p 399) |
|
|
List the portals of entry of infectious agents
|
Portals of entry
(1) Respiratory tract (2) Skin (3) Urogenital tract (4) GI tract (Ch 13, Slide #12, Fig 13.3; p 399) |
|
|
Draw a diagram illustrating the stages in the course of infection
|
(Ch 13, Fig 13.3, 399)
Stages (1) Incubation Period (initial contact with infectious agent) (2) Prodromal Stage (Shortest period of 1-2 days, gen. malaise) (3) Period of invasion (Height of infection, greatest toxicity) (4) Convalescent Period (recovery) |
|
|
List four virulence factors
|
• Fimbrae (Mechanism of adhesion)
• Flagella (Mechanism of adhesion) • Toxicigenicity • Antiphagocytosis • Exoenzymes (Ch 13, Slide #16, p ?) |
|
|
List three considerations in selecting an antimicrobial drug.
|
(1) nature of microbe causing infection
(2) degree of microbe's sensitivity to various drugs (3) overall medical condition of patient (Ch 12, Slide #49; p 373) |
|
|
List 5 mechanisms of drug action against microbes
|
Mechanisms of drug action against
microbes: (1) Change in drug receptors (2) Change metabolic patters (3) Drug inactivation inactivation (4) Decrease of drug permeability (5) Increased elimination to drug from cell (Ch 12, Slide #43p 351-352) |
|
|
How does bacterial drug resistance occur?
|
Bacterial drug resistance
(1) Acquisition of plasmids (2) Become resistance by conjugation (3) By transformation (4) Recombination (5) transduction (Ch 12, Slide #43, p?) |
|
|
How does sterilization via filtration removes microbes?
|
Filtration-
Removes microbes by filtering them out from liquid or air. Often used on on heat sensitive material Ex: Blood, Milk, Air, Water (Ch 11, Slide #24; p 328) |
|
|
What are the conditions for sterilization with steam under pressure?
|
Steam under pressure (aka Moist Heat)
Temp = 121 degrees Celsius Pressure = 15 psi Time = 10-40 min (Ch 11) |
|
|
What are the 4 categories of of antimicrobial drugs?
|
Categories of Antimicrobial drugs
(1) Antibacterial (2) Antifungal (3) Antiparasitic (4) Antiviral (Ch 12,Slide #18, Table 12.4; p351) |
|
|
What is endotoxcins and exotoxcins and and what are their roles in pathogenicity ?
|
• ENDOTOXINS – lipid A of LPS of gram-negative bacteria
Because G- contains LPS ex: Women using tampons that causes Toxic Shock Syndrome EXOTOXINS – proteins secreted by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Ex: Hemolysins, Leukotoxcins, and bacterial toxins being secreted by the cytoplasm outward) (Ch 13, Slide #16) |
|
|
Differentiate between signs & symptoms of disease
|
SIGN versus SYMPTOM
SIGN-Objective evidence of disease noted by observer SYMPTOM-subjective evidence of disease SENSED by patient (Ch 13, Slide #23, #24, Table 13.8) |
|
|
What is chemotherapy?
|
Chemotherapy
to administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent w/o harming the hosts cell (Ch 12, Slide #14, Table 12.2, p348) |
|
|
What is a nosocomial infection?
|
An infection that is acquired at the hospital
|
