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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epidemiology |
study of disease patterns in populations |
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attack rate |
percentage of people who become ill in population after exposure /100,000 |
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incidence rate |
number of new cases/time/population |
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prevalence |
total number of cases at any time or for a specific period in a given population |
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morbidity |
incidence of disease in population at risk /100 |
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mortality |
overall death rate in population |
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case-fatality rate |
percentage of population that dies from a specific disease |
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endemic diseases |
constantly present in population |
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epidemic |
unusually large and dramatic increase in the number of cases in a population |
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outbreak |
a group or cluster of cases at specific/brief period |
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pandemic |
global |
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when they're not causing infections, pathogens live in _________, or their natural habitat |
reservoirs |
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vertical transmission |
pregnant woman to fetus or mother to infant during childbirth/breastfeeding |
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horizontal transmission |
person to person via air, physical contact, ingestion of food or water, or vector |
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Single most important measure for preventing spread of infectious disease |
handwashing |
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droplet transmission |
respiratory droplets generally fall to ground within a meter from release spread minimized when sneeze is covered droplets of saliva and mucous |
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cross-contamination |
transfer from one food to another |
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vectors |
living organisms that can carry pathogens |
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virulence |
ability to cause disease |
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the dose |
minmum number of pathogens required or the amount of infecting agent received by an individual |
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the incubation period |
the period of time between exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms |
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_____ are more likely to develop UTI |
women |
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cross-sectional studies |
surveys range of people |
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retrospective studies |
and events compared |
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prospective studies |
looks ahead from prospective studies |
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double blind stdies |
neither the doctor nor the patient knows who is getting the actual treatment |
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placebo |
sugar pill looks real |
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nosocomial infections |
picked up from hospitals |
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standard precaution examples |
hand washing, gloves/face shields, limiting contact with patient |
