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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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viruses need _____ to replicate |
a living organism |
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bacteriophages attack a cell by |
injecting their DNA into the cell DNA hijacks the cells |
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bacteriophages could be used instead of _____ in the future |
antibiotics |
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viruses are |
very small |
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virion |
viral particle whole thing together |
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naked viruses do not have |
an outer layer |
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nucleocapsid consists of |
nucleic acid, capsid (entire protein coat) |
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viral genome have either ____ or ____ but never _____ |
DNA RNA both |
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many animal viruses have spikes to |
attach |
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three virus shapes |
Icosahedral helical complex |
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Icosahedral |
hexagon looking |
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helical |
slinky/cylinder |
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complex |
jimmy neutron virus |
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virus families end in suffix: |
-viridae |
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viruses have been named in |
no good/logical/consistent way |
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species name is often the name of |
disease |
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viruses are often referred to |
informally |
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oral-fecal route: enteric viruses |
anyway that fecal matter can get inside you |
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zoonotic viruses cause |
zoonoses carried animal to human |
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bacteriophages are grouped by |
how they react with host |
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three general types of bacteriophages |
lyctic temperate filamentous |
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lyctic phage infections |
bursts, opens up target cell to release new virus |
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five step process of lyctic phage |
attachment genome entry synthesis assembly release |
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lyctic phage attachment |
phage exploits bacterial receptors |
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genome entry |
shoots DNA in
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synthesis of proteins and genome |
phage genome is transcrribed and phage proteins synthesized. phage DNA is replicated, other virion components are made and host DNA is degraded |
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assembly |
some components spontaneously assemble, others require protein scaffolds |
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release |
lysozyme produced late in infection; digests cell wall cell lyses, releases phage burst size of T4 is about 200 |
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temperate infection |
can go either of the 2 ways (burst or sit) in the host cell |
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filamentous phages |
single stranded DNA phages |
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filamentous phages attach to |
protein on F pilus of E. coli |
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Generalized Transduction |
DNA is packaged wrong |
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four ways bacteria defend against phages |
alter cover up/hide cut/split/break up DNA sequences that are specific viruses modify instead of cut/split/break up |
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during animal virus replication _____ makes _____ |
RNA DNA |
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acute infection |
rapid onset short duration long term immunity |
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persistent infection |
continually present for years or lifetime may or may not have symptoms |
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carrier state |
may have a persistent infection and remain a source of infection |
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chronic infection |
continuous production of low levels of virus particles |
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latent infections |
viral genome remains silent in host cell, can reactivate ex. herpes and chicken pox |
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viruses must be grown in appropriate _____. can process animal tissues to obtain __________. |
host primary cultures |
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syncytium |
giant weird cell with multiple nuclei |
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viroids are found in |
plants |
