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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Toxin for SSSS
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Exfoliative toxin A
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Staph food poisoning toxin
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Heat stable enterotoxin which is a superantigen (SEB)
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Scarlett Fever
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Due to strep pyogenes exotoxin (SpeA), a superantigen
Strawberry tongue |
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Toxic Shock Syndrome
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Staph: Skin rash followed by desquamination
Strep: respiratory distress syndrome |
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Causes of endocarditis
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25% staph
56% strep |
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Abs to Group A Strep
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Abs to M protein, not capsule because capsule made of hyaluronic acid
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Cholera Toxin
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B binds to GM1 ganglioside on apical surface of intestinal epithelium
A released into cells and transfer ADP ribose to G protein Rice water stool Get immune to it |
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LOS
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Gram - Neisseria and H. influenzae
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Phage encoded toxins
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Cholera
Shiga Diptheria Botulinum |
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Plasmid-encoded toxins
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HT and LT enterotoxins of E. coli
Tetanus toxin Edema factor (B anthracis) |
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Shiga toxin
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Inhibits protein synthesis leading to cell death
Fluoroquinolone worsens dissease (triggers lytic phase) |
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Diptheria toxin
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Inhibits protein synthesis
Cornebacterium, gram + rod |
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Clostridium
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Tetani, botulinim, perfringens, difficle
Gram + rod that is SPORE forming Obligate anaerobes |
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C. perfringens toxin
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Alpha toxin (a phospholipase A cytolysin)
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MTB complex
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Slow growing, non-pigmented or light tan colord
M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. microti, M. africanum, M. cavatti |
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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) (A NTM)
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M. avium
M. intracellulare Pulmonary disease due to MAC show honeycomb pattern |
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NTM diseases
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Chronic bronchopulmonary disease (adults, patients with CF)
Cervical or other lymphadenitis (especially children) Skin and Soft Tissue disease (mostly fast growing mycobacteria, which are M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, and M. abscessus) Skeletal |
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Ethambutol side effects
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Eye damage
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Isoniazid side effects
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Hepatitis
Peripheral neuropathy |
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Pyrazinamide side effects
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Hepatitis, GI intolerance, Arthralgia, Arthritis
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Streptomycin Side Effects
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Ear Damage
Kidney damage |
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Disseminated gonococcal infection
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MADE: Meningitis, arthritis, Dermatitis, Endocarditis
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Pilus for gonorrhea
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Pil C and Pil E
PilE and AV and PV Pil C has PV Allows adherence to columnar and transitional epithelium PilE most important for RBC binding PilC most imporant for GU mucosa |
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Opacity proteins for Gonorrhea
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Main invasion for entry into epithelial cells
AV and PV Mediates apoptosis, transmigration, and immune evasion |
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LOS of Gonorrhea
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Allows it to attach to sialic acid on RBC so it is blind to immune system
PV |
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Diagnosis of gonorrhea
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Males with symptomatic urethritis: gram staining or culture (Chocolate agar b/c cant grown on BAP)
Females with genital infections: Culture New procedures:Nucleic acid amplification or urine, ednocervial swabs, urethral swabs in men |
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Treatment of gonorrhea:
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Simple: cephalosporins
PID: Fluoroquinolones DGI: strongest treatment Babies: silver nitrate eye drops |
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Meningococcus
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Gram - diplococci that binds to non-ciliary columnar epithelium of nasopharynx
B and C cause most meningococci infections but Y is increasing |
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Salmonella
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Ingestion of meat, milk, cheese
gastoenteritis, bacteremia, enteric fever (typhoid fever), localized infections: arthritis, osteomyelitis, secondary organs Increased susceptibility to hemolytic anemia Type 3 secretion causes cells to become phagocytic S. enteridis in eggs |
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Pseudomona Toxin
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Exotoxin A--Prevents protein synthesis (like diptheria)
Exoenzyme S--ADP ribosylation NATURALLY RESISTANT TO MANY ANTIBIOTICS |
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Pontiac Fever
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Non pneumonic variant of Legionellosis--fever, headache, muscle aches
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Moraxella catarrhalis
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Gram - diplococci
Commensual to nasopharynx Causes Sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in elderly and those with lung disease Most make Beta-lactamase-->give augmentin (amoxicillin + clavolanic acid) |
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Listeria
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COld cuts
Gram positive rods Invades enterocytes and M cells Early onset neonatal disease--high risk for abortion, still birth, and premture birth Late onset--meningitis or meningoencephalitis |
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V. parahaemolyicus
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Ingestion of raw shellfish and seawater
Gastroenteritis, wound infection, bacteremia, diarrhea Virulence due to kanagawa hemolysis that induces chloride ion secretion (watery diarrhea) |
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V. vulnificus
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SHellfish and seawater
Bacteremia and wound infection Virulence: capsule Potentially fatal |
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Aeromonas
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Originate in fresh water and produce severe wound infections
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Type II secretion
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Yersinia enterocolitica
Have Yops that are secreted |
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Type IV secretory system
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H. pylori
Ohn Pathogeniciti Island that calso has cagA genes to prevent apoptosis |
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Campylobacter
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Guillain-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis
Most frequent cause of bacterial diarrhea in US Undercooked poultry |
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Actinobacter
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Gram - coccobacillus
can cause wound infection (burn patients), pneumonia, and bacteremia Nosocomial 25% have it on their skin |
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Anthrax toxins
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Edema Factor--calcium dependent adenylate cyclase that is activated by calmodulin
Protective Antigen, Lethal Factor--Protease that cleaves MAPKK Treatment: cipro |
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Rickettsia rickettsi
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Gram - coccobaccilus Tick is vector Use hosts ATP--parasite Infect endothelial cells lining small blood vessels causing petachiae Triad of symptoms: Fever, rash, history of tick bite Abnormal labs: thrombocytopenia, low serum sodium, elevates liver enzymes Treatment: Doxycyclijne |
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MOMP
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Causes serovars in chlamydia (gram -)
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No LPS
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T. pallidum
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Serovars A,B, Ba, C
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Occular Trachoma
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Serovars D-K (C. tachomatis)
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GU infection
Neonatal conjunctivitis--eyelid swelling, hyperemia, purulant discharge Infant pneumonia--Stoccato cough |
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Biovar LGV, Serovars L1, L2, L2a, L2b, L3
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Invasive
get lymphogranuloma venereum and ocular LGV |
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C. tachomatis
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Diagnosis: NAATs
treatment: Doxycycline (or erythromycin) Newborn: erythromycin |
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C. pneumonia
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Atypical pneumonia\
possible role in etherosclerosis Diagnose with MIF Treatment: Macrolides, Doxycline, Levofloxacin |
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C. psittaci
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Bird reservoir
Respiratory tract port of entry Infects thosethat work with animals Fevers, chills, headache, nonproductive cough, mild pneumonitis Can disseminate: heart, spleen Diagnosis: MIF Treatment: Macrolides or doxycyline |
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Tracheobronchitis
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Diagnostic of mycoplasma pneumonia
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Francisella tularensis
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Gram negative coccobacillus
Infectious dose really low Tick bite or contact with infected animal Intracellular pathogen Flu-like symptoms Ulceroglandular most common--Cutaneous ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, Pneumonic by inhalation Occuloglandular Treatment: Streptomycin LPS not that potent |
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Coxiella burnetti
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A rickettsia, causes Q fever
Reservoir: cattle, sheep, goats Inhale them Phase variation of LPS Acute Q fever: sudden onset, severe headache, fever, plenumonia Chronic Q fever: infection for 6 months or longer, endocarditis Serology: Acute: Abs to phase II higher than to Phase I Chronic: Abs to phase 1> phase II |
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Anaplasma phagocytophilum
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An Ehrlichia
Tick transmitted Agent for human granulocytic anaplasmosis (infects granulocytes and forms colonies called morulae) Symptoms: flu-like Leucopenia and thrombocytopeia |
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Ehrlichia chaffeensis
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Cause human monocytic ehrlichiosis
Infects monocytes and forms morulae Tick transmited GET RASH!, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia |
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Which helminth has no males
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Strongyloides stercoralis
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Larval currens
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STrongyloides
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Treatment of Whipworm
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Mebendazole, Albendazole
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Treatment of Ascaris
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Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyrantel, Ivermectin
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Treatment of Hookworm
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Mebendazole and Albendazole best
Pyrantel |
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Treatment of Enterobius
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Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyrantel
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Treatment of Strongyloides
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Hard
Ivermectin best (subcutaneously), albendazole, Thiabendazole |
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Cutaneous Larva Migrans
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Larvae of hookworm of dogs and cats (ancylomastoma brazilienze)
Treat with Thiabendazole (can be in sand and soil) |
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Visceral Larva Migrans
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Toxocara canis (has anterior and lateral wings)
Can get in eye and form Ocular Larva migrans Anisakis Also from Racoons |
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Trichinellosis
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Uncooked pork
Treat with Thiabendazole Get periorbital edema and splinter hemorrhages |
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Dirofiliaria immitus
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Dog heartworm
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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Lymphatic filariasis
transmitted by Culicar mosquito Treatment: Albendazole and DEC (f not in Africa) or Ivermectin |
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Wolbachia bacteria
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bacteria that causes blindness with oncho
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Fasciolopsis buski
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Large fluke
Lives in intestine get if from vegetation conatining cyst |
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Lateral spore
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S. mansoni
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Spore on end
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S. Japonicum
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Treatment of Flukes
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Praziquntel
Artemesinin against schistosomes Triclabendazole for liver fluke |
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Treatment of tape worms
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Niclosamide
Praziquantel |
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Treatment of cysticerocis
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Albendazole
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Echinococcus granulosus
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Dog tapeworm that causes hydatid ccysts
Treatment: Albendazole, Thiabendazole,or surgery |
