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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillin..what does it inhibit
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inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
effective against gram + organisims. |
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what inhibits cell wall synthesis
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penicillin, cephalosporins, and vancomycin
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Isoniazid..what does it inhibit and what is it ONLY effecitve against
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synthesis of mycolic acids.
Mycobacterium. |
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Streptomycin and gentamicin are examples of what and what do they inhibit
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Aminoglycosides.
inhibit protein sunthesis: prevent tRNA from binding to 30S ribosome. |
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Tetracyclines inhibit what and give 2 examples
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inhibit protein synthesis: prevent tRNA to 30S ribosome.
Bacteriostatic adn penetrate tissue wall |
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Inhibits protein synthesis: binds to 50S subunit of ribosome.
example- bacteriostatic, pententrate tissue wall |
Chloramhenicol
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what does Macrolides inhibit and give 3 examples
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inhibit of protein synthesis: bind to 50S ribosome subunit.
Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and azithromycin. |
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what inhibits protein synthesis
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Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Cholramphenicol,
Macroblides |
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what causes injury to the plasma membrane
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Polymyxins
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inhibit synthesis of mRNA and give 2 examples
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Rifamycin.
rifampin and meningitis |
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what do Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones inhibit
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DNA gyrase (required for DNA replication)
examples-nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin |
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Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs)
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structurally similar to PABA. they block folic acis snythesis
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name the 4 anti-fungal drugs
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Polyenes
Triazoles Terbinafine Griseofulvin |
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what does the anti-fungal drug Polyenes do
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binds ergosterol in fungal plasma menbranes
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what does the anti-fungal drug Triazoles do
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interfere with sterol synthesis
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what does the anti-fungal drug Terbinafine do
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interfere with sterol synthesis differently than triazoles
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what does the anti-fungal durg Griseofulvin do
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inhibit fungal reproduction bu blocking microtubule assembly and interfering with mitosis
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what are the antiviral drugs
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Acyclovir (valvcyclovir, penciclovir)
Amantadine Zanamivir adn Oseltamivir Ribavirin Zidovudine, Didanosine Indinavir adn Saquinavir Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) |
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what antiviral drug terminates DNA synthesis of virus and has a similar sturcture to guanine-containing nucleoside
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Acyclovir
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what does the antiviral durg Amantadine do
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prevents penetration of cell by virus
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what antiviral drug is a Neuraminidase inhibitor
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Zanamivir and Oseltamivir
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what does the antiviral drug Ribavirin do
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resembles nucleoside guanine, inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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what antiviral drug blocks activity of reverse transcriptase of HIV
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Zidovudine, Didanosine
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what antiviral drug is a HIV protease inhibitors
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Indinavir and Saquinavir
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what does the antiviral drug Enfuvirtide do (Fuzeon) do
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inhibit fusion of HIV to its receptor on host cell
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what kind of a method uses antibodies to identify bacterium
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serology methods
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what does phage typing do
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which phages (viruses) a bacteria is susceptible to: food-associated infections,
used clinically. |
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what are 4 genotype methods
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1.DNA analysis
2.ribosomal RNA sequencing 3.determation of G:C ratio in the DNA 4.polymerase chain reaction |
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name all of the gram - bacteria (2)..both are gram - rods
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Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori |
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what are the gram- AEROBIC rods and cocci
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Neisseria Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis |
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what are the gram- ANAEROBIC rods
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Enterobacteriaceae
E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella Vibrio cholerae Haemophilus |
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what is the only gram- ANAEROBIC rod
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Bacteroides species
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what are the 2 coccobacillus and are they - or +
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Rickettsia and Chlamydia trachomatis...both gram -
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what are the 2 gram + cocci
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Staphylococcus (aureus)
Streptococcus (pneumoniae and pyogenes) |
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what are the Enodspore forming rods and are they - or +
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Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Clostridium perfringens ...all - |
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what are the nonspore forming rods and are they - or +
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Listeria monocytogenes
Corynebacterium diphtheriae ...all + |
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how do amoebae move and give one example
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move by pseudopods (asexual reproduction) and one example is Entamoeba histolytica
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how does Trichomonas vaginalis move
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by flagellates
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what type of protozan is transmitted by bites of feces of blood-feeding insects
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Hemoflagellates (Trypanosoma)
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what protozan causes malaria
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Apicomplexans (Plasmodium)
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describe Trematodes
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fluks, obtain food from skin, and have an acetabulum (ventral sucker)
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what are tapeworms
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Cestodes
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what are roundworms
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Nematodes..
have complete digestive system |
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do all virions have an envlope
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NO
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do virions have a capisd or a capsal
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capside..
a capsal the outside cell wall of bacteria |
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what are some general characterisitics of viruses
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RNA or DNA..never both
protein coat surrounding nucleic acid |
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descirbe the nucleic acid of a virus
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5-500 genes.
double or single stranded DNA or RNA. |
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what are the 5 DNA viruses
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Adenoviridae-common cold
Herpesviridae-cold sores Poxviridae-samll and cow pox Papocaciridae-warts and tumors Hepadnaviridae-hepatitis |
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describe + sense RNA virus
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looks like messange RNA
5 prime to 3 prime single strand |
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describe - sense RNA virus
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3 prime to 5 prime
single srand |
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what is the reverse transcriptase for retroviridae
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RNA dependent DNA polymerase
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what is the viral replication
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1.adsorption: receptor site
2.penetration: fusion 3.uncoating: release of nucleic acid 4.(Bio) synthesis: many copies of nucleic acid and production of capsid proteins 5.assembly: assembly nucleic acid and capsid into virions 6.release: budding |
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most RNA viruses require what specific enzyme to initiate biosynthesis
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RNA-dependent RNA poylmerase
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what are the DNA oncogenic viruses
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HPV
EBV HBV |
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what are the RNA oncogenic viruses
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HTLV-1
HTLV-2 |
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what latent viral infections NEVER leave
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herpes simplex virus
herpes zoster virus |
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what infectious agent is pure protein
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prion
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define communicable disease
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spreads from one host to another directly or indirectly
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define noncommunicable disease
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does not spread from one host to another (enviornment)
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define symptoms
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SUBJECTIVE changes in body fxn..you can not see it or measure it (tired, pain)
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define sign
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OBJECTIVE change in body fxn..you can see it (pus, redness, fever)
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what are horizontel tranmissions
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1.contact-human to human (direct, indirect, droplet)
2.vehicle-non living 3.vector-living |
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what are vertical transmissions
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1.congenital-mother to offspring
2.sperm to egg |
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describe the portal of entry of mucous membranea
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respiratory tract, GI, GU, and conjunctive
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