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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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During the maturation of a B lymphocyte, the first chain to develop is the?
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Mu Chain
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During isotype switching, which regions of the chain are switched?
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Variable region of heavy chain stays the same, but the constant region of the heavy chain changes
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Where is the variable region of the antibody found?
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Found at N terminus of heavy and light chains; responsible for antigen binding specificity
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Where are constant regions found?
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found at C terminus of heavy and light chains. Light chains have 1 domain but heavy chains have 3-4 domains depending on isotype. Responsible for the biological function of the antibodies.
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Describe the following
1) IgG 2) IgM 3) IgA 4) IgD 5) IgE |
• IgG1- Crosses placenta, Classical Pathway of complement, Heavy chain→γ1, Oponization, Diffusion into extracellular sites, Highest Serum level. Induced by IL-4 for isotype expression.
• IgM- First antibodies produced, 1st response antibody, Activates complement, No hinge region, pentameric, contains J-chain. • IgA- Most expressed daily, functions in neutralization, Found in serum, Transported across epithelium. IgA with J-chain binds to Poly-Ig-receptors found on the basement membrane of the epithelial cell→j-chain is cleaved and Secretory component is attached which protects and extends the IgA’s half-life when secreted (for example into the lumen of the stomach or mouth). Induced by TGF-β for isotype expression. • IgD- Expressed on cell surface of mature B-cell along with IgM after alternative splicing of heavy chain transcripts. • IgE- allergy, parasitic, sensitization of mast cells. Induced by IL-4 for isotype expression. |
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Where can you find V, D, J for H and L chains?
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H chain = V+D+J
L chain = V+J only assembly of functional receptors invovles combiding elements of variable region gene segments |
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What regulates isotypes?
What does somatic hypermutation actually do? |
Cytokines!
Somatic hypermutation in crease antibodies affinitiy by changes in variable region. |
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Compentence genes are required for which type of genetic transfer?
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transformation
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Expession of the tra genes is required for?
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transformation
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Classical complement pathway is initiated by antigen-antibody complex, and differs from the other pathways due to binding and activation of?
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C1
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What does NOT provide increased antibody diversity?
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Allelic exclusion
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daughter cells of the same antibody producing clone are capable for producing antibodies with different...
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idiotypes
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Where does replication of chromosomal DNA begin in bacteria?
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The replication origin
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During protein synthesis, _____ in the messenger RNA form base pairs with ______ in transfer RNA
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1) codons
2) anticodons |
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What surface molecule is most commonly found on T lymphocytes in the blood?
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alpha-Beta T cell receptor
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B cell receptors are most similar in structure to..?
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antibodies
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What mechanism of genetic transfer is involved in evoluation of multi drug resistant pathogenic bateria?
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conjugation
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What part of an antibody is responsible for interacting with effector cells?
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Fc region
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