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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary function of common pili or fimbriae
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allow bacteria to attach to each other and to host cells
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Chemostat
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maintain a bacterial culture in balanced phase of growth
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mRNA made from DNA is called
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transcription
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Selective toxcitiy means
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toxic to bacteria, non-toxic to host
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Bacterial cytoplasmic membranes
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site of active transport
allows semipermeability site of enzymes for ATP production necessary for survival |
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Bacterial capsules prevent
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phagocytosis by host immune cells
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Transduction
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viruses play a role in this
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Transposition
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highly mobile genetic elements with inverted terminal repeats
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Transformation
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uptake of cell-free, naked DNA
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Conjugation
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cell to cell contact required
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Mechanisms of antiobiotics against bacteria
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damaging cytoplasmic membrane
blocking cell wall synthesis interfering with protein synthesis affecting nucleic acid synthesis |
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plastic cassette (miniature system)
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uses biochemical/physiologic rxns
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enzyme that allows bacteria to resist penicillin
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beta-lactamases
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peptidoglycan is made of
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NAM, NAG, tetrapeptide side chain, cross-linking change
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Endospores
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one endospore per cell
germination produces new vegatative cell only a few bacteria can do this |
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best way to check susceptibility of a single bacteria to many different antibiotics
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Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion
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dangers of overuse of antibiotics
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drug resistance
drug toxicity to host masking serious infection development of hypersensitivity changes in normal flora |
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Mesosomes
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invaginations of cytoplasmic membrane that have a possible role in replication or cell wall synthesis
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Inhibitors of protein synthesis
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Chloramphenicol
Aminglycosides Tetracycline Erthromycin Clindamycin |
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Antimetabolites
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Sulfanamides-PABA
Trimethroprim |
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Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis
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Rifampin-inhibits RNA
Quinolones-inhibits DNA gyrase |
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Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
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Penicillin
Cephalosporin |
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Inhibitors of cytoplasmic membrane fxn
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polymyxin B, colistin, polypeptide antibiotics
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How Penicillin works
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blocks transpeptidation, crosslinking step causing cells to burst
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