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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is tissue?
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colletion of similar cells and intercell substance surrounding them
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what are the types of tissue?
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epithelium, connective, muscle, nerve
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what is an organ?
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composed of several tissue types arranged in stuctural plan w/ special fxn
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what is epithelium?
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closely apposed and connected cells, not specialized for contraction or impulse conduction
form sheets covering ext/int body surface or a gland |
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name the epithelia that arises from ectoderm.
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epidermis, skin appendages, cornea
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name the epithelia that arises from mesoderm
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kidney tubules, lining of resp tract, endothelium (lining of blood vessels), and mesothelium (lining of body cavities)
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name the epithelia that arises from endoderm
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linings of gut, urogenital sys, resp sys, and glands
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how do you classify epithelia based on layers?
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simple
stratified pseudostratified (all cells rest on basement mbn, but not all reach free surface) |
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how do you classify epithelia based on shape on surface?
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squamous - fried egg
cuboidal columnar transitional - only in urinary tract w/ large, domed, sometimes binucleate cells in relaxed form |
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what is metaplasia?
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when a type of tissue turns into another type not typical of the organ (w/in the same general category)
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what are the functions of the epithelia?
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physical protection (skin, esoph)
prevent water loss (skin) selective diffusion of gases (lung) absorpt (intest) secretion (stom) transcellular transport (intest. enterocytes) excretion (kid) sensory reception (olf, taste buds) |
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what is the basement mbn?
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an extracellular structure that is NOT a mbn; anchors epithelia to underlying CT
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what are the parts of the basement mbn?
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basal lamina (made by epithelial cells)
-lamina lucida - has glycoprotein laminin -lamina densa - includes Type IV collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin lamina reticularis (made by fibroblasts of CT) - Type I and III collagen of CT pass into lamina reticularis and bound to Type VII collagen, fibrillin, and fibronectin |
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what is the external lamina?
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similar to basal lamina, but for muscle cells, adipocytes, and schwann cells
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what are microvilli?
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actin filament core that inserts into the terminal web
increased SA for absorption or ion transport forms brush border/striated border sometimes see glycocalyx |
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what are cilia?
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axoneme core of MT in 9+2 formation
insert into basal bodies (9 triples, no central pair) longer, more fringe-like clumping; move in wave mucociliary escalator |
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what are stereocilia?
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look like cilia, but actually really long microvilli
core of actin filaments, not an axoneme in male reproductive tract and inner ear (hair cells) |
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why do you see many infoldings at the basal end of some epithelial cells?
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increase SA, more mitochondria for more ATP
in kidney tubules and striated ducts of salivary glands |
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what is a junctional complex?
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junction found ONLY in epithelia, but not all epithelia
zonula occludens zonula adherins desomosomes |
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what is the terminal web?
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intermediate filaments at apical end of epithelial cells
where actin bundles of microvilli insert into |
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where would you find simple squamous epithelia?
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endothelium
mesothelium |
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where would you find stratified squamouse epithelia?
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esophagus, vagina, skin
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where would you find simple cuboidal epith?
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kidney tubules
small ducts |
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where would you find stratified cuboidal epith?
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sweat gland ducts
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where would you find simple columnar epith?
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oviducts
intestines gall bladder |
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where would you find stratified columnar epith?
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conjunctiva
part of male urethra |
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where would you find pseudostratified columnar epith?
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trachea (ciliated)
bronchi (ciliated) epididymis (stereocilia) |
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where would you find transitional epith?
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ureter
bladder |
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what are glands?
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epithelia modified to secrete
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what is an exocrine gland?
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releses onto free surface or via ducts
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what is an endocrine gland?
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releases into surrounding CT, then picked up by capillaries
NO DUCTS |
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what are serous cells?
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produce watery fluid w/ ions and proteins
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what do serous cells look like?
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round to oval nucleus, not flattened against basal plasma mbn
basophilic at basal region atypical cytoplasm w/ secretory vacuoles DARKER than mucous cells |
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what are mucous cells?
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secrete mucinogens, which mix w/ water and make viscous mucin
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what do mucous cells look like?
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MANY secretory granules
nuclei flatted at basal end contents of granules are water soluble, so extracted, and are PALE staining |
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what are goblet cells and how do they stain?
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modified columna epith cells that synth and secrete mucus
in resp and GI tracts secretory granules are: PAS positive e- light on EM pale on LM |
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what is merocrine secretion?
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product stored in sec vacuoles, fuse w/ plasma mbn
only product released ex: panc, goblet |
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what is apocrine secretion?
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release of product and part of cell itself
ex: lipid sec by mammary |
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what is holocrine secretion?
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whole cell is shed
ex: sebaceous |
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what are some unicellular glands?
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goblet
diffuse neuroendocrine cells in GI tract or resp tract |
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how can multicelluar exocrine glands be classified in terms of duct and shape?
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simple/compound/branched
acinar/tubular |
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what is a simple exocrine gland?
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no branching
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what is a compound exocrine gland?
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branches in DUCT
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what is a branched exocrine gland?
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branches in SECRETORY unit
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what is an acinar (alveolar) exocrine gland?
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secretory unit is spherical
usu. serous |
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what is a tubular exocrine gland?
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secretory unit is tubular
usu. mucous |
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classify intestinal glands
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simple tubular
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classify eccrine sweat glands
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simple coiled tubular
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classify some sebaceous glands
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simple acinar
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classify the meibomian gland of eyelid and most sebaceous glands
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simple branched acinar
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classify the pancreas
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compound acinar
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classify the sublingual salivary gland
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compound branched tubuloacinar
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what is a tubuloalveolar gland?
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both tubular and spherical secretory units
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how are compound glands divided?
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into lobes and lobules
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what is a lobe?
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largest subdivision of a compound gland; made up of multiple lobules
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what is a lobule?
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inside lobes of compound glands
separated by septa (CT) |
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how are intralobular ducts divided?
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intercalated ducts
striated ducts |
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what is an intercalated duct
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smallest duct; receives secretions directly from secretory units
lined by simple low cuboidal |
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what is a striated duct?
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modify ionic compoistion of secretion
simple cuboidal lining infoldings of basement mbn -> mit line up, causing EOSINOPHILIC streaks |
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what are serous demilunes?
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grps of serous cells attached like cap to basal end of mucous secretory unit
found in mixed glands where mucous cells >> serous cells |
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what are myoepithelial cells?
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derived from epith, lie on epith side of basement mbn
contractile found only in a few glands - eccrine sweat, apocrine sweat, and mammary |
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what are parotid glands?
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salivary glands anterior to ears on cheeks
almost entirely SEROUS make amylase and lysozyme; transcytosis (transport IgA to lumen) intralobular ducts w/ both intercalated and striated ducts |
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what are sublingual glands?
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floor of oral cavity
MUCOUS > SEROUS has serous demilunes |
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what are submandibular glands?
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beneath chin
SEROUS >= MUCOUS serous acini and serous demilunes |
