Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
bacterial structure that protects against phagocytosis
|
capsule
|
|
|
provides rigid support to bacterial cell
|
peptidogycan
|
|
|
bacterial structure that protects against osmotic pressure differences
|
peptidoglycan
|
|
|
space btwn inner & outer cell membs in gram(-) bacteria
|
periplasm
|
|
|
bacterial form that provides resistance to dehydration, heat & chemicals
|
spores
|
|
|
exotoxin that inhibits ACh release → flaccid paralysis
|
botulinum toxin
|
|
|
lecithinase that causes gas gangrene
|
alfatoxin of C. perfringes
|
|
|
inhibits the inhibitor of adenylate cyclase→ whooping cough
|
pertussis toxin
|
|
|
stims adenylate cyclase→ Cl- & water into gut→ diarrhea
|
- cholera toxin
- heat-labile E. coli toxin (ETEC) |
|
|
toxin that destroys leukocytes
|
leukocydin
|
|
|
composed of edema factor, lethal factor, & protective antigen
|
cytotoxin of Bacillius anthracis
|
|
|
enterotoxin causing rice-water diarrhea
|
- cholera toxin
- heat labile E. coli (ETEC) |
|
|
causes scarlet fever (the toxin)
|
erythrogenic & pyrogenic toxins (of S. pyogenes)
|
|
|
causes toxic shock syndrome
|
TSST-1
|
|
|
inactivates EF-2→ pseudomembranous pharyngitis
|
diptheria toxin
(corynebacterium diptheriae) |
|
|
blocks release of inhibitory NT glycine
|
tetanus toxin
|
|
|
what 5 bacteria secrete enterotoxins
|
- V. cholera
- heat-labile E. coli (ETEC) - S. aureus - Salmonella - Shigella (enterotoxin = exotoxin that causes water & electrolyte imbal of intest epith resulting in diarrhea) |
|
|
enterotoxin (definition)
|
exotoxin that causes water & electrolyte imbal of intest epith resulting in diarrhea
|
|
|
which organisms do not take gram stain?
|
("These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color")
- Treponema - Rickettsia (intracell) - Mycobacteria - Mycoplasma - Legionella (intracell) - Chlamydia (intracell) |
|
|
stain required to see Cryptococcus neoformans
|
india ink
|
|
|
stain required to see PCP
|
silver stain
|
|
|
stain required to see amyloid
|
congo red
|
|
|
stain required to see chlamydia
|
giemsa
|
|
|
characteristics of MacConkey's agar
|
- inhibit gram(+) growth
- only has lactose - pink colonies = lactose-fermenting enterics |
|
|
what organisms exchange plasmids through transformation?
|
SHiN
- S. pneumo - H. flu - Niesseria |
|
|
what bacteria are spore formers
|
- bacillus anthracis
- C. perfringens - C. tetani - B. cereus - C. botulinum - Coxsiella burnetti |
|
|
skin infections caused by both S. pyogenes & S. aureus
|
- folliculitis
- cellulitis - impetigo |
|
|
why is group B Strep (S. agalectiae) so common in neonates?
|
b/c it's normal vaginal flora in 25% of women
|
|
|
what types of infections does GBS (S. agalectiae) cause in neonates?
|
- meningitis
- sepsis - pneumonia |
|
|
most prominent organism in dental plaque
|
S. mutans
(viridans strep) |
|
|
what patients are susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes?
|
- neonates→ meningitis
- immunocompromised |
|
|
what organisms are most commonly implicated in subacute endocarditis?
|
- s. epidermidis
- enterococci (group D strep) - viridans strep (acute endocarditis would be S. aureus) |
|
|
bacteria that causes mastitis
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
MC aerobic skin flora
|
S. epidermidis
|
|
|
causes scalded-skin syndrome
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
causes white-membrane on pharynx
|
Corynebacterium diptheriae
|
|
|
causes pharyngitis→ glomerulonephritis
|
S. pyogenes
|
|
|
MCC of meningitis
|
S. pneumo
|
|
|
MCC of osteomyelitis
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
infant w/poor muscle tone
|
C. botulinum (floppy baby)
|
|
|
bacterial cause of otitis media in children
|
S. pneumo
|
|
|
cause of cellulitis
|
Strep. pyogenes OR S. aureus
|
|
|
1 hr after eating potato salad at a picnic, an entire family began to vomit. After 10 hrs they were better. What is the organism?
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
infections caused by S. pyogenes (group A strep)
|
- folliculitis, cellulitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis
- bacteremia - pharyngitis - endocarditis - acute glomerulonephritis - rheumatic fever - scarlet fever - TSS |
|
|
basic MOA of penicillins
|
inhibit cell wall
|
|
|
clinical uses for ampicillin & amoxicillin
|
- gram (+)'s
- H. flu - E. coli - Listeria - Proteus mirabilis - Salmonella - Enterococci |
|
|
penicillin for syphilis
|
pen G
|
|
|
penicillin for UTI
|
ampicillin/amoxicillin
|
|
|
penicillin for Pseudomonas
|
- ticarcillin
- carbenicillin - piperacillin |
|
|
penicillin for neonatal infection
|
penicillin & amox/ampicillin
|
|
|
cephalosporin w/the longest half-life
|
ceftriaxone
|
