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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Differentiate prognosis for tuberculoid versus lepromatous leprosy?
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tuberculoid = benign
lepromatous = malignant, progressive |
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Lepromin test in tuberculoid leprosy?
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+
It's - in lepromatous, poor CMI |
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Type of lesion in both types of leprosy?
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Tuberculoid = macular, w/ few AFB
Lepromatous = nodular, abundant AFB |
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Destruction caused by both types of leprosy?
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Tuberculoid: skin and nerve damage from activated macrophages (Th1 response)
Lepromatous: Extensive skin and nerve damage (nodular granuloma, Th2 response insufficient) |
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Leionized face?
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pulled back skin on face of someone with Lepromatous leprosy
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Th1 response to leprosy?
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Tuberculoid
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Th2 response to M. leprae?
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Lepromatous
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What causes lyme disease?
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Borrelia burgdorferi from Ixodes tick
it's a Gram - spirochete |
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Pathogenesis of lyme disease?
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3 stages:
1: erythema migrans (bullsyeye) 2: Local dissemination (multiple rashes), Bell's palsy, meningitis, conjunctivitis, arthralgia 3:Months to years, arthritis of large joins |
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Cause of relapsing fever?
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Borrelia recurrentis = epidemic, but NOT IN USA
Borrelia hermsii/turicatae = Western USA |
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What causes relapsing fever to be relapsing?
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Antigenic variation during infection
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How do you get Leptospirosis?
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Cantact with water, food, or soil contaminated with URINE of infected animals
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What causes measles?
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Rubeola virus-a paramyxovirus
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What factors help rubeola get into the cell?
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Hemaglutinin-Neuramidase (viral attatchment)
Fusion factor Matrix protein (inside viral envelope) |
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Cough, coryza conjuntivitis,fever?
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Measles (Rubeola)
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Koplik's spots?
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Characteristic spots on buccal mucosa in measles (rubeola)
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Viruses that cause exanthums?
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Measles (Rubeola, maculopapular rash for 1 week)
Roseola (HHV6, rash for 1-2 d) Erythema Infectiosum/Fifth Disease (Parvovirus B-19) ("slapped cheek" rash) |
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Cowdry Type A inclusions?
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HSV
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Immune response to HSV?
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CMI and Humoral..Ab causes latent infection
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What causes chicken pox?
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VZV
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Where are the skin lesions in VZV and how are they described?
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all over the body, vesiculopapular rash ("dew drop on rose petal")
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How long from infection with VZV to skin rash?
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~14 days
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What are the two types of infectious poxvirus?
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small pox (orthopoxvirus)
molluscum contagiosum |
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Where do pox viruses replicate? Herpes viruses?
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Cytoplasm for pox
Nucleus for Herpes |
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How are poxviruses transmitted?
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small pox = respiratory
molloscum contagiosum = contact |
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Guarneri bodies?
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Inclusion bodies in POXVIRUS that form outer membranes of virus.
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How long does it take the papules to crust over in VZV infection? Small pox?
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VZV = 12-24 hrs
small pox = 10-12 days |
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Morphology of Rickettsiae?
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Small rod shaped bacteria
OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR stain with Geimsa |
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Where does Rickettsia cause infection?
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Endothelial cells = vasculitis
ie Rocky Mt Spotted Fever |
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What causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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Rickettsiae rickettsii from Wood tick or Dog tick
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Clinical disease in Rocky Mt Spotted Fever?
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Rash on trunk, PALMS AND SOLES
Fever, heaache, malaise after 3-12 d incubation |
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What is Ehrlichiosis?
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Infection with Ehrlichia from deer tick or dog tick with NO RASH. Otherwise similar to Rocky Mt spotted fever
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What causes bubonic plague?
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Yersinia pestis, small gram - rod
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Difference between bubonic and pneumonic plague?
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Both via Yersinia.
Bubonic transmitted via flea or rodent resulting in BUBO (hemorrhagic suppurative necrosis) Pneumonic: Spread via respiratory droplets-->hemorrhagic consolidation |
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What causes Tularemia?
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Franciscella tuarensis, gram - rod
Facultative intracellular pathogen causes GRANULOMAS |
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What spreads franciscella?
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Rabbits, bite of insect vector, inhalation
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How is Brucella transmitted?
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Consumption of UNPASTUERIZED MILK
Occupational: farmers, slaughterhouse workers, vets |
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Minor infection after dogbite/cat scratch?
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Pasteurella multocida
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Causes gas gangrene?
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Clostridium perfringens
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Causes tetanus?
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Clostridium tetanus
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Gram stain Clostridium?
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Gram + Rod
SPORE FORMING anaerobic |
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Virulence factors of C. perfringens?
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ALPHA TOXIN
hyaluronidase collagenase DNAse =CHAD has perfringens |
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How do you get tetanus?
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After you stab yourself...
1. spores germinate in wound at low O2 tension (anaerobe) 2. Multiply and make TETANOSPASMIN 3. Transported hematogenous or via RETROGRADE AXONAL TRANSPORT |
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Clinical signs of tetanus?
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Lockjaw (trismus)
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Virulence factors of C. tetani?
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Tetanospasmin (neuro/exo toxin)
= SPASTIC PARALYSIS |
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Tinea vesicolor?
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Malasezia furfur, upper torso
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Tinea nigra?
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Exophiala weneckii, palms and soles
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Black piedra?
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Piedra hortae, black nodule on hair shaft
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White piedra
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Trichosporon beigelii, creamy white nodule on hair
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Ringworm?
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Tinia capitis, Microsporum
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Athletes foot?
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Tinea pedis, Epidermophyton, Trichophyton
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Subcutaneous fungal infections?
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Sporotrichosis: primary subq infxn, disseminated, lymph
Chromoblastomycosis: cauliflower like lesions, nodules, crusting abscess-->Phialophora, Cladosporium |
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What makes up anthrax toxin?
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Protective Ag
Edema factor Lethal Factor = adenylate cyclase |
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Does B. anthracis have a capsule?
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YES, it has D glutamic acid
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3 clinical manifestations of anthrax?
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1. Cutaneous (maligant pustule, ESCHAR)
2. Inhalation (Lethal) 3. GI DEPEND ON SITE OF INFECTION |
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Clinical course of inhalational anthrax?
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Iniially: non-specific malaise, fever, non-productive cough, respiratory distress BUT NO PNEUMONIA
See mediastinal widening Then: Massive edema in chest and neck...RESPIRATORY FAILURE...enters blood stream, toxin mediated systemic symptoms...meningitis |
