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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the definition of an arbovirus
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arthropod borne virus
- RNA - enveloped - humans are dead end hosts |
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how do you identify arboviruses
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MAC-ELISA (main one)
IFA RT-PCR |
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what is the "urban cycle" and give 2 examples
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humans of a dense enough population and living with mosquitoes, may actually exhibit enough viremia to sustain the viral infection within that population.
yellow fever St. Louis encephalitis |
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what are the methods of arboviral control
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eradication of the vector via:
- eliminating its replicative environment (standing water) - larvicides and insecticides Avoid exposure (repellents, screens) Immunization of non-human, amplifying hosts (and humans) |
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what is the genome of and the subtypes for Togaviridae
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+ssRNA
alphavirus flavivirus |
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what are the members of the alphavirus subgroup
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EEE
WEE VEE |
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what are the members of the flaviviridae subgroup
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yellow fever
St. Louis encephalitis West Nile Virus |
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what is the genome of bunyaviridae
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3, circular, -ssRNA
carries its own transcriptase |
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when do you typically see EEE
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June to October in the NE
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what is diferent about the seasonality of EEE in florida?
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year round
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what are the reservoirs for EEE
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Birds and horses
Aedes is the vector |
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what is required for EEE to infect humans
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a bridging vector (other mosquitoes)
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what populations are more susceptible to EEE
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<15
>55 |
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which arbovirus has the highest case fatality rate
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EEE
80% in overt encephalitis (elderly more susceptable) |
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children under 5 are at a greater risk for developing _______ in EEE
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retardation and paralysis
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what are the reservoirs for WEE
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birds, horses, small mammals
Culex mosquito vector |
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who is most susceptible to WEE
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infants and children under 10
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what is the fatality rate of WEE
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5-15%
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what are the effects in infants, infected with WEE in the first month of life
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50% develop convulsions and motor/behavioral changes as sequelae
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what is unique about the epidemiology of WEE
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it is typically sporadic, but there are occasional outbreaks in the 100's
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VEE...
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typically benign
occasional mass outbreaks disease is highly local: central/south america, everglades, texas |
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distribution of St. Louis encephalitis
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across US with a concentration in the midwest and gulf coast
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when is the peak season for St. Louis encephalitis
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august and september
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what is unique about St. Louis encephalitis outbreaks
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only happens irregularly, sometimes separated by decades
only 3 cases this year 2800 in 75 |
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what is the reservoir for St. Louis encephalitis
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sparrows
mosquito vector |
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who is susceptible to St. Louis encephalitis
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> 40
increasing severity c inc age overall 17% fatality |
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what is the greatest risk factor for death from West Nile
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>50 yrs old
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what is the neuroinvasive component to the "emerging" disease, West Nile similar to
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simalar to the paralytic effects of polio
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what is the reservoir for and who are the incidental hosts for West Nile
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birds
Humans and Horses |
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what is West Nile crossreactive for on a MAC-ELISA
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St. Levis Encephalitis or Yellow Fever
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what is another name for the LaCrosse virus
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california encephalitis
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when and where do you see LaCrosse
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wide distro in US and Canada, but indemic in the midwest
summer and fall |
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who is most susceptible to LaCrosse
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6 mo to 16 yr old boys
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reservoir and vector for LaCrosse
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small mammals
Aedes t. vector (daytime feeder) |
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what type of virus causes Colorado Tick Feverand what is its genome
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Reovirus
dsRNA c 12 segments |
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what is the vector for Colorado Tick Fever and what are the reservoirs
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Dermacentor andersoni = vector
squirrels and chipmunks |
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when do most CTF infections occur
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May to september
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who is usually affected by CTF and what are the symptoms
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15 - 40 yr old males c exposure to ticks
Saddle back fever is classic sign (fever, no fever, fever) |
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what should you inform a CTF pt not to do
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do not donate blood for at least 6 months
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what have we found out about the WEE genome?
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it is a chimera of sindbis and EEE and others
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