Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Antisepsis |
Destruction of pathogenic organisms on living objects |
|
|
Disinfection |
killing of microbes on non-living surfaces, kills vegetative cells but not endospores |
|
|
Sterile |
100% microbe free |
|
|
Best way to prevent transmission |
hand washing |
|
|
Chemical control methods |
detergents phenols heavy metal halogens aldehides |
|
|
Physical control methods |
heat pasteurization autoclave/moist pressure Dry heat Freezing refridgeration salting radiation |
|
|
thermal death point |
lowest temp to kill microbes in 10 min |
|
|
thermal death time |
shortest time to kill all test microbes at specified temp |
|
|
Organisms destroyed by antibiotics |
Bacteria (prokaryotes) |
|
|
Variables on microbe control |
time of exposure concentration organic materal toxicity amount of microbes type of microbe (endospores, cysts, viruses, prions) temp & pH of environment |
|
|
how microbes are attacked |
Cell wall Denaturing proteins DNA Plasma membrane |
|
|
types of heavy metals used for control |
zinc copper silver mercury |
|
|
halogens used in control |
flourine chlorine Bromine Iodine |
|
|
How refridgeration and freezing work to control microbes |
slow down enzymes |
|
|
how radiation works in control |
damages DNA |
|
|
how heavy metals work in control |
denature proteins |
|
|
injury heavy metals will be used for |
burns |
|
|
how hydrogen peroxide works |
oxygen ions damage proteins and DNA in anaerobes |
|
|
liquid aldehydes |
Glutaraldehyde Formaldehyde |
|
|
antibiotics that inhibit cell walls |
penicillins cephalosporins vancomhycin bacitracin isoniazid |
|
|
antibiotics that inhibit cell membrane |
polymyxins (surface only) |
|
|
Antibiotics that inhibit replication of DNA |
Quinolones (ciprofloxacin) |
|
|
What antibiotics that inhibit replication of DNA actually inhibit |
gyrase (unwinding enzyme) |
|
|
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotes |
chloramphenicol erthromycin |
|
|
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotes |
gentamicin streptomycin tetracyclines |
|
|
antibiotics that inhibit enzymes and products |
sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) trimethoprim |
|
|
Antibiotic that inhibits RNA polymerase |
Rifampin |
|
|
Side effects of antibiotics |
Allergies Diarrhea Fungal infections of mouth (destruction of normal flora) |
|
|
Antibiotic used as last resort |
Vancomycin |
|
|
causes of antibiotic resistence |
incorrect prescription Patient incompetence animal feed |
|
|
solutions to resistence |
microbe testing 2 drug cocktails washing food |
|
|
hospital microbe levels of control |
handwashing Gloves and gown mask low pressure rooms with filtration |
