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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is metabolism?
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The collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe; all chemical reactions in organisms.
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What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
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Catabolism - breaks down molecules and releases energy (exergonic). Ex. breakdown of lipids into glycerol.
Anabolism - synthesizes molecules and uses energy (endergonic) |
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Which requires energy and which releases energy?
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Anabolism - Req. energy
Catabolism - Rel. energy |
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What is reduction?
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Gain electron
GER- gain of electron is reduction |
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What is oxidation?
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Loss of electron
LEO - loss of electron is oxidation |
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Can reduction and oxidation occur individually?
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No, always simultaneously.
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What are electron carriers?
(know which have been oxidized and which have been reduced) |
Molecules that carry electrons from one location to another.
NAD+ ---> NADH NDAP ---> NADPH FAD ---> FADH2 |
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How does ATP store energy?
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During catabolism, organisms release energy from nurtrients that can be concentrated and stored in high energy phosphate bonds.
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What is phosphorylation?
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Inorganic phosphate is added to a substrate.
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What are three ways ADP can be phosphorylated?
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1. Substrate level - transfer of phosphate ---> ADP from other phosphoylated org. compound.
2. Oxidative - energy from redox reactions of resp. attach inorganic phosphate to ADP. 3. Photophos. - light energy. |
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What are enzymes?
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Organic catalysts; increase liklihood of reaction.
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What are the 6 types of enzymes?
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1. Hydrolase - H2O
2. Isomerase - isomer that helps add water to break down (rearrange) 3. Ligase or polymerase - req. atp; join together 2 or more chemicals 4. Lyase - splitting w/o water 5. oxidoreductase - remove or add e- 6. transforase - transfer groups |
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What type of reaction does each enzyme catalyze?
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1. Hydro - cata
2. Iso - neither 3. Ligase - ana 4. Lyase - cata 5. oxidored - 6. Trans - ana |
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What is an apoenzyme?
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A cofactor
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Understand enzyme-substrate specificity.
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"lock & key"
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Are enzymes a one-time use molecule?
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No, they are reusable.
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How does temp. affect enzyme activity?
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If temp is too high or too low, an enzyme is no longer able to acheive a fit w/ substrate.
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How does pH affect enzyme activity?
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Has optimal pH. extremes denature enzymes when ions released from acids or basesinterfere w/ h-bonding and distrupt 2 and 3 structures.
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How does enzyme and substrate concentration affect activity?
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As substrate conc. increases, activity increases.
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How does presence of inhibitors affect activity?
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Enzymes are blocked, inhobitors prevent occurance of reaction.
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