Micro- Chapter 4

Front 1

What 2 things allow bacteria to move?

Back 1

Flagella & Axial Filaments

Front 2

What helps bacteria attach to surfaces and serve as virulence factors?

Back 2

Fimbrea (Pilli)

Front 3

T/F
The cell membrane maintains the basic shape of the cell

Back 3

False-- Cell Wall

Front 4

Area where DNA and RNA are found in prokaryotic cells

Back 4

Nuclear Regions

Front 5

Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that they lack a defined __________ and membrane-enclosed organelles

Back 5

Nucleus

Front 6

Bacteria are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Back 6

Prokaryotic

Front 7

Humans, fungi, and parasites are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Back 7

Eukaryotic

Front 8

Spherical or Round in shape

Back 8

Coccus

Front 9

Rod-shaped

Back 9

Bacillus

Front 10

Squashed round cells

Back 10

Coccobacillus

Front 11

Wavy worms

Back 11

Spirilium

Front 12

Cork-screw shaped

Back 12

Spirochete

Front 13

Phagocytosis means:

Back 13

Engulfing

Front 14

Cell wall is made of ___________

Back 14

Peptidoglycan

Front 15

What structure holds the internal structures in place?

Back 15

Cell Membrane

Front 16

What structure is used for attachment?

Back 16

Pilus (pili)

Front 17

What structure is primarily for motility?

Back 17

Flagellum

Front 18

What structure contains genetic material?

Back 18

Chromosome

Front 19

What structures translates RNA into protein?

Back 19

Ribosomes

Front 20

What type of bacteria is composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan (murein) and has a color of purple?

Back 20

Gram-positive

Front 21

What type of bacteria have an outer membrane that dissolves in the presence of alcohol and has a color of pink? The outer layer is called ___________

Back 21

Gram-negative; Lipopolysaccharide

Front 22

What type of bacteria has no color, the lipid layer is waxy, and has no color? The genus of this bacteria is ____________

Back 22

Acid-fast; Mycobacterium

Front 23

The ____________ is found primarily in Gram negative MOs

Back 23

Outer Membrane

Front 24

______________is an important part of the outer bacterial membrane

Back 24

Lipolpolysaccharide (LPS)

Front 25

Why do we gram stain? (2 reasons)

Back 25

-It shows how bacteria are categorized (Gram positive, Gram negative, and Acid-fast)
-It allows us to see chemical differences in cell wall

Front 26

Gram Negative is also known as an ______________

Back 26

Endotoxin

Front 27

T/F
People who have a Gram Negative infection can get worse because of the antibiotic

Back 27

True (kills cells and releases the toxins)

Front 28

The Outer Membrane consists of _________ and __________

Back 28

Polysaccharides and Lipid A

Front 29

The Periplasmic Space is a gap between the cell ________ and the cell _______

Back 29

Wall and Membrane

Front 30

What contains many digestive enzymes and transports proteins that destroy harmful substances, then transport metabolites into the cytoplasm called?

Back 30

Periplasmic Space

Front 31

The Periplasmic Space is in the Gram _________ spaces only

Back 31

Negative

Front 32

Basic Functions:
-Maintains the basic shape of the cell
-Prevents the cell from bursting due to osmotic shock
-Found in almost all bacteria

Back 32

Cell Wall

Front 33

The exception that does not have a cell wall is the genus ___________

Back 33

Mycoplasma

Front 34

2 Components of the Cell Wall are ________ and __________

Back 34

Peptidoglycan and Teichoic Acid

Front 35

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

Back 35

Regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell

Front 36

The semi-fluid substance inside the bacterial cell is the _____________

Back 36

Cytoplasm

Front 37

An area where most of the DNA and some of the RNA are found

Back 37

Nuclear Regions

Front 38

Granules an Vesicles make up this part of the prokaryotic cell:

Back 38

Inclusions

Front 39

Endospores are only found in the genus _________ and ___________

Back 39

Clostridium and Bacillus

Front 40

Bacteria produce endospores when the nutrient supply drops. This state is called the ________ state

Back 40

Resting

Front 41

When conditions become more favorable for growth, the endospores can germinate and begin growing again. This state is called the __________ state

Back 41

Vegitative

Front 42

Which type of pilli is also called F(fertility) pilli or sex pilli?

Back 42

Conjugational Pilli

Front 43

Conjugated Pilli allow for the exchange of ___________ information

Back 43

Genetic

Front 44

Conjugation is critical with ____________

Back 44

Resistence

Front 45

The polysaccharide containing substance found external to the cell wall

Back 45

Glycocalyx (contains the capsule and slime layer)

Front 46

The powerhouse of the cell, where ATP is produced

Back 46

Mitochondria

Front 47

The site of DNA storage

Back 47

Nucleus

Front 48

The site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic photototrophs

Back 48

Chloroplasts

Front 49

The site of protein synthesis

Back 49

Ribosomes

Front 50

Contain digestive enzymes, which destroy dead cells and digest contents of vacuoles

Back 50

Lysosomes

Front 51

The site of modification and packaging of cell chemicals before secretion from the cell

Back 51

Golgi Apparatus

Front 52

Contain various stored substances and materials engulfed by phagocytosis

Back 52

Vacuoles

Front 53

Converts hydrogen peroxides to water and oxygen to prevent build up in the cell

Back 53

Perioxisomes

Front 54

Movement of substances across membranes usually occurs from a region of _________ concentration to a region of ____________ concentration

Back 54

Higher; Lower

Front 55

Bacteria that can perform photosynthesis contain chromatophores, which are membrane bound

Back 55

Internal membrane systems

Front 56

Uses protein carrier molecules or protein-lined pores in membranes to move ions or molecules from high to low concentrations across the membrane

Back 56

Facilitated Diffusion

Front 57

If you have a two percent salt solution in a beaker and a bag with a selectively permeable membrane with a five percent salt solution placed in the beaker, there is a
(higher or lower)
concentration of water in the two percent solution?

Back 57

Higher--- this is a hypotonic solution

Front 58

The behavior of cells in a fluid envioronment is called:

Back 58

Tonicity

Front 59

Less solute in solution; concentration of water higher; if too much water, RBC will burst

Back 59

Hypotonic Solution

Front 60

More solute in solution; concentration of water less; if water rushes out, RBC will collapse

Back 60

Hypertonic Solution

Front 61

Equal flow in and out of RBC; no net change

Back 61

Isotonic Solution

Front 62

Moves substances across membranes from lower concentration to higher concentration and require the cell to expend energy

Back 62

Active transport

Front 63

Endocytosis means ___________
Exocytosis means ___________

Back 63

Inside; Outside