Micro Chapter 4

Front 1

What is the largest known prokaryote?

Back 1

Thiomargarita namibiensis (750 um in diameter)

Front 2

Eubacteria

Back 2

Have ester-linked lipids with unbranched fatty acids

Front 3

Archaea

Back 3

have ether-linked branched fatty acids

Front 4

Gram-negative flagellum

Back 4

The S & M rings are attached to the plasma membrane. And there are two additional outer rings, designated L & P.
The L ring is anchored in the outer membrane of the cell wall
The P ring is anchored to the peptidoglycan

Front 5

Gram-positive flagellum

Back 5

The S RING is anchored to the peptidoglycan and the M ring is associated with the cell membrane

Front 6

_______ is a disease due to an aerobic spore-forming member of the genus Bacillus.

Back 6

Anthrax

Front 7

______ is the genus of spore-forming bacteria whose species can cause botulism.

Back 7

Clostridium

Front 8

Three shapes of spiral bacteria

Back 8

vibrio, spiral, and spirochetes

Front 9

vibrio shape

Back 9

curved rods that resemble commas

Front 10

spirilla

Back 10

helical shape, a rigid cell wall, & flagella for movement

Front 11

spirochete

Back 11

corkscrew shape, a flexible cell wall & no flagella
movement occurs by contractions of the cell

Front 12

_______ is the organic compound that helps stabilize bacterial spores and is only found in endospores

Back 12

dipicolinic acid

Front 13

_______ organisms require a partial pressure of carbon dioxide greater than normal in order to grow well.

Back 13

capnophilic

Front 14

The gram-positive cell wall is composed primarily of _______ with ____ woven into a latticework.

Back 14

peptidoglycans
teichoic acid

Front 15

What are three other shapes of bacterial cells.

Back 15

Star and square
appendaged
filamentous

Front 16

star and square

Back 16

Halobacterium

Front 17

appendaged

Back 17

Caulobacter crescentus

Front 18

filamentous

Back 18

Nocardia

Front 19

Glycocalyx

Back 19

An adhering layer of polysaccharides or polysaccharides and small proteins.

Front 20

Glycocalyx-What are the two layers?

Back 20

A capsule can be thick and tightly bound to the cell whereas the slime layer is thinner, diffuse, and less tightly bound.

Front 21

Which bacterium was isolated from the intestinal contents of a mastodon, making it the oldest living known bacteria recovered (excluding spores)?

Back 21

Enterobacter cloacae

Front 22

Adhesins

Back 22

A protein in bacterial pili that assists in attachment to the surface molecules of cells; a binding molecule that encourages parasites to hold firmly to the tissues of their host.

Front 23

Basal Body

Back 23

A structure at the base of a bacterial flagellum having a central rod and set of enclosing rings.

Front 24

Binary fission

Back 24

An asexual process by which a cell divides to form two new cells; specifics of the process vary among organisms

Front 25

Chemotaxis

Back 25

A movement toward a chemical attractant.

Front 26

Dextran

Back 26

Many gram-postive and gram-negative rods and cocci secrete adhering layer of polysaccharides or polysaccharides and small proteins called the glycocalyx. The layer can be thick and tightly bound to the cell, in which case it is known as a capsule. When thinner, diffuse, and less tightly bound, it is referred to as a slime layer. This slime layer usually contains a mass of tangled fibers of a polysaccharide called dextran. The fibers attach the bacterium to tissue surfaces

Front 27

Endotoxin

Back 27

A metabolic poison produced chiefly by Gram-negative bacteria; endotoxins are part of the bacterial cell wall and consequently are released on cell disintegration; composed of lipid-polysaccharide peptide complexes

Front 28

Fimbria

Back 28

A short, hairlike structure used by bacteria for attachment; sometimes used as an altenrative form for pilus

Front 29

Flagellin

Back 29

The hollow filament (which is part of the flagella) is composed of long, rigid and helical strands of protein subunits called flagellin.

Front 30

Inclusion body

Back 30

A granulelike storage body that forms in the bacterial cytoplasm

Front 31

Periplasmic space

Back 31

contains several enzymes that process molecules before they enter the cytoplasm, also contains proteins that act as carriers of nutrients, group of enzymes that are capable of inactivating antibiotics

Front 32

Pili

Back 32

Protein appendages that appear as short hair-like fibers, which are composed of pilin, there can be sex pili and attachment pili. The attachment pili anchors the bacteria to a surface such as tissue via adhesins, which in turn increases its disease causing capabilities

Front 33

Pilin

Back 33

A protein subunit found in the bacterial pilus.

Front 34

Teichoic acid

Back 34

polysaccharide found in the cell wall of gram positive bacteria