Micro Chapter 20

Front 1

ETHAMBUTOL

Back 1

A SYNTHETIC ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT THAT INTERFERES WITH THE SYNTHESIS OF RNA

Front 2

SPECTRUM OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Back 2

THE RANGE OF DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS AFFECTED BY AN ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG; A WIDE RANGE IS REFERRED TO AS A BROAD SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY

Front 3

SEMISYNTHETIC PENICILLINS

Back 3

MODIFICATIONS OF NATURAL PENICILLINS BY INTRODUCING DIFFERENT SIDE CHAINS THAT EXTEND THE SPECTRUM OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND AVOID MICROBIAL RESISTANCE

Front 4

GRISEOFULVIN

Back 4

A FUNGISTATIC ANTIBIOTIC

Front 5

CARBAPENEMS

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ANTIBIOTICS THAT CONTAIN A B-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC AND CILASTATIN

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DISK-DIFFUSION METHOD

Back 6

AN AGAR-DIFFUSION TEST TO DETERMINE MICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS; ALSO CALLED KIRBY-BAUER TEST

Front 7

AZOLES

Back 7

ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS THAT INTERFERE WITH STEROL SYNTHESIS

Front 8

VANCOMYCIN

Back 8

AN ANTIBIOTIC THAT INHIBITS CELL WALL SYNTHESIS

Front 9

CEPHALOSPORIN

Back 9

AN ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCED BY THE FUNGUS CEPHALOSPORIUM THAT INHIBITS THE SYNTHESIS OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL CELL WALLS

Front 10

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT

Back 10

A CHEMICAL (DRUG) USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE

Front 11

RIFAMYCIN

Back 11

AN ANTIBIOTIC THAT INHIBITS BACTERIAL RNA SYNTHESIS

Front 12

AMINOGLYCOSIDE

Back 12

AN ANTIBIOTIC CONSISTING OF AMINO SUGARS AND AN AMINOCYCLITOL RING; FOR EXAMPLE, STREPTOMYCIN

Front 13

PENICILLINS

Back 13

A GROUP OF ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCED EITHER BY PENICILLIUM (NATURAL PENICILLINS) OR BY ADDING SIDE CHAINS TO THE B-LACTAM RING (SEMISYNTHETIC PENICILLINS)

Front 14

SULFONAMIDE

Back 14

A BACTERIOSTATIC COMPOUND THAT INTERFERES WITH FOLIC ACID SYNTHESIS BY COMPETITIVE INHIBITION; ALSO CALLED A SULFA DRUG

Front 15

PABA

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PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID; A PRECURSOR FOR FOLIC ACID SYNTHESIS

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ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE

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AN ANTIBIOTIC THAT IS BACTERICIDAL AND HAS A BROAD SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY

Front 17

BROTH DILUTION TEST

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A METHOD OF DETERMINING THE MIC BY USING SERIAL DILUTIONS OF AN ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG

Front 18

NATURAL PENICILLINS

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PENICILLIN MOLECULES MADE BY PENICILLIUM SPP.; PENICILLINS G AND V ARE EXAMPLES

Front 19

SYNERGISM

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(1) THE EFFECT OF TWO MICROBES WORKING TOGETHER THAT IS GREATER THAN THE EFFECT OF EITHER ACTING ALONE (2) THE PRINCIPLE WHEREBY THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO DRUGS USED SIMULTANEOUSLY IS GREATER THAN THAT OF EITHER DRUG USED ALONE

Front 20

POLYENE ANTIBIOTIC

Back 20

AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT THAT ALTERS STEROLS IN EUKARYOTIC PLASMA MEMBRANES AND CONTAINS MORE THAN FOUR CARBON ATOMS AND AT LEAST TWO DOUBLE BONDS

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MONOBACTAM

Back 21

A SYNTHETIC ANTIBIOTIC WITH A B-LACTAM RING THAT IS MONOCYCLIC IN STRUCTURE, IN CONTRAST TO THE BICYCLIC B-LACTAM STRUCTURE OF THE PENICILLINS AND CEPHALOSPORINS

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PROTEASE INHIBITOR

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A CHEMICAL THAT INHIBITS PROTEASES (PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES)

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TETRACYCLINE

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BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS THAT INTERFERE WITH PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Front 24

ANTIBIOTIC

Back 24

AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, USUALLY PRODUCED NATURALLY BY A BACTERIUM OR FUNGUS

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E TEST

Back 25

AN AGAR DIFFUSION TEST TO DETERMINE ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY USING A PLASTIC STRIP IMPREGNATED WITH VARYING CONCENTRATIONS OF AN ANTIBIOTIC

Front 26

CHLORAMPHENICOL

Back 26

A BROAD-SPECTRUM BACTERIOSTATIC CHEMICAL

Front 27

BACTERICIDE

Back 27

A SUBSTANCE CAPABLE OF KILLING BACTERIA

Front 28

ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG

Back 28

A CHEMICAL THAT DESTROYS PATHOGENS WITHOUT DAMAGING BODY TISSUES

Front 29

QUININE

Back 29

AN ANTIMALARIAL DRUG DERIVED FROM THE CINCHONA TREE AND EFFECTIVE AGAINST SCHIZOGOMY STAGE IN RED BLOOD CELLS

Front 30

QUINOLONE

Back 30

AN ANTIBIOTIC WHOSE MODE OF ACTION IS TO INHIBIT DNA REPLICATION BY INTERFERING WITH THE ENZYME DNA GYRASE

Front 31

FLUROQUINOLONE

Back 31

A SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT THAT INHIBITS DNA SYNTHESIS

Front 32

MACROLIDE

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AN ANTIBIOTIC THAT INHIBITS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; FOR EXAMPLE, ERYTHROMYCIN

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SELECTIVE TOXICITY

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THE PROPERTY OF SOME ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS TO BY TOXIC FOR A MICROORGANISM AND NONTOXIC FOR THE HOST

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BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC

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AN ANTIBIOTIC THAT IS EFFECTIVE AGAINST A WIDE RANGE OF BOTH GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

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ZONE OF INHIBITION

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THE AREA OF NO BACTERIAL GROWTH AROUND AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT IN THE DISK-DIFFUSION METHOD

Front 36

ISONIAZID (INH)

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A BACTERIOSTATIC AGENT USED TO TREAT TUBERCULOSIS

Front 37

SUPERINFECTION

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THE GROWTH OF A PATHOGEN THAT HAS DEVELOPED RESISTANCE TO AN ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG BEING USED; THE GROWTH OF AN OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN