Micro Chapter 20

Front 1

Antimicrobial drugs work by 1.______________ or
2.______________ with
3. ____________ of microorganisms.

Back 1

1. killing
2. interfering
3. growith

Front 2

Antimicrobial drugs act within the host without
_____________ the host.

Back 2

Damaging

Front 3

_______ ___________ is term of when antimicrobial drugs act within the host w/o damaging the host.

Back 3

Selective Toxicity

Front 4

"Basis for chemotherapy" -selectively finding and destroying pathogens, but not the host. ______ _____

Back 4

"Magic Bullet"

Front 5

Inhibitory reactions between colonies on solid media and mechanism of inhibition.

Back 5

Antibiosis

Front 6

________ is substance produced by micro-organisms that in small amounts inhibits a microorganism.

Back 6

Antibiotic

Front 7

Name of species from which half of antibiotics are produced - commonly inhabits soil.

Back 7

Streptomyces

Front 8

Drugs that are effective agains Prokaryote cells and do not effect Eukaryote human cells are ________ to develop.

Back 8

Easy

Front 9

Virus infection are more difficult to treat because pathogen is ________ the host's cells.

Back 9

Within

Front 10

Virus direct human cells to make viruses due to __________ information.

Back 10

genetic

Front 11

Narrow spectrum of microbial activity affect gram ________ but ver few gram _________.

Back 11

positive
negative

Front 12

Broad spectrum antibiotics affect broad range of gram
___________ bacteria.

Back 12

positive

Front 13

Antimicrobial drugs that kill microbes directly are _________.

Back 13

BacteriCIDAL

Front 14

Antimicrobial drugs that prevent microbes from growing are ___________.

Back 14

BacterioSTATIC

Front 15

Host's own defenses (phagocytosis and antibody production) destroy microorganisms

Back 15

BacterioSTASIS

Front 16

List 4 mode of actions of antimicobials involving inhibition.

Back 16

Cell Wall Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
Essential metabolites Synthesis
Nucleic Acid replication and transcription

Front 17

List 1 mode of action of antimicrobials involving injury

Back 17

Plasma membrane

Front 18

4 main antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis.
(PCVB)

Back 18

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Bacitracin
Vancomycin

Front 19

4 main antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
(CEST)

Back 19

Chloramphenicols
Erythromycin
Streptomycin
Tetracycline

Front 20

2 main antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid replication and transcription
(IN ART)

Back 20

quinolones
rifampin

Front 21

1 antibiotic causing injury to plasma membrane

Back 21

polymyxin B

Front 22

2 antibiotics used for inhibition of synthesis of essential metabolites

Back 22

trimethoprim
sulfanilamides

Front 23

Peptidoglycan is found only in ___________ cell walls.

Back 23

Bacterial
(human cells do not have cell walls)

Front 24

Cell wall synthesis is inhibited by ________________ of _____________ synthesis

Back 24

inhibition
peptidoglycan

Front 25

Cell Wall synthesis inhibition has low ____________ for host cells

Back 25

Toxicity

Front 26

Protein synthesis inhibition is based on differences in _________ structure.
(80S / 70S)

Back 26

ribosome

Front 27

Nucleic Acid Synthesis inhibition interferes with ______ replication and transcription

Back 27

DNA

Front 28

Plasma Membrane injury affects __________, not bacteria.

Back 28

Fungus

Front 29

___________ antibiotics change permeability of plasma membrane

Back 29

Polypeptide

Front 30

Anti-fungal durgs combine with _________ in plasma membrane.

Back 30

Sterols

Front 31

Synthesis of essential metabolites involves ________ inhibition

Back 31

competitive

Front 32

In synthesis of essential metabolites, competitive inhibition between _______ and ________ occurs.

Back 32

PABA
Sulfanilamide

Front 33

PABA is the substrate for enzyme reaction for _____ ____ synthesis

Back 33

Folic acid

Front 34

All penicillins have a common core structure of beta_____ _____.

Back 34

lactam ring

Front 35

Penicillins are differentiated by chemical ______ ______s which interfere with cell wall synthesis..

Back 35

side chain

Front 36

Pencillin prevents _____-_____ of ______________.

Back 36

cross linking
peptidoglycans.

Front 37

Penicillin is a _______ spectrum antibiotic

Back 37

narrow

Front 38

Two natural forms of penicillin are penicillin ___ and ____.

Back 38

G, V

Front 39

4 semi-synthetic penicillins are:
(COMA)

Back 39

carbencillan
oxacillan
methicillan
ampicillan

Front 40

Semi-synthetic penicillin is produced by _________ and removing and chemically adding ______ _______s.

Back 40

mold
side chains

Front 41

___________ is bacterial enzyme that cleave to beta-lactam ring

Back 41

penicillinASE

Front 42

Methicillan resistance to penicillin is known as_______

Back 42

MRSA (methicillan resistant staphylococcus aureus)

Front 43

PPNG is acronym for

Back 43

Penicillinase-Producing Neisseria Gonorrhea

Front 44

Cephalosporins resemble ____________ and are resistant to ____________.

Back 44

penicillin
penicillinase

Front 45

Bacitracin is used _______ against Gram _________ staphylococcus and streptococcus.

Back 45

topically
positive

Front 46

Bacitracin is derived from
__________ __________.

Back 46

B. subtilis

Front 47

Vancomycin is used for resistant _____ _______.

Back 47

Staphylococcus aereus

Front 48

Isoniazid is effective against _______ _________.

Back 48

Myobacterium tuberculosis

Front 49

Isoniazid inhibits synthesis of
__________ __________

Back 49

mycolic acid

Front 50

in carbapenems, beta-lactam antibiotic substitutes carbon atom for __________

Back 50

sulfer

Front 51

Carbapenems is a ______ spectrum antibiotic

Back 51

broad

Front 52

_________, a carbapenems, is active against 99% of all organisms isolated from hospital patients
(Primary care)

Back 52

Primaxin

Front 53

Monobactams differ from beta-lactam with _____ _____ ring.

Back 53

one single

Front 54

Aztreonam has low _____ and effects gram _____ bacteria (E. coli and Pseudomonads)

Back 54

toxicity
negative

Front 55

Bacitracin is effective against Gram __________.

Back 55

positive

Front 56

Bacitracin interferes with the linear strands of __________

Back 56

peptidoglycans

Front 57

Vancomycin is a ________ antibiotic

Back 57

glycopeptide

Front 58

Vancomycin is a __________ spectrum antibiotic

Back 58

narrow

Front 59

VRE is _______ - ________
_________ associated with gram ________ bacteria and hospitals.

Back 59

Vancomycin resistant enterococci
positive