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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atoms |
•Smallest unit of matter. Consist of electrons, protons, neutrons. |
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Element |
•A substance that cannot be broken down.(Base) |
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Isotopes |
•Element with the same # of protons but different # of neutrons. (Very reactive) |
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Compound |
•Molecule that contains at least two different kinds of elements. (Glucose) |
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Covalent Bond |
Chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons. |
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Ionic Bonds |
•An attraction between ions of opposite charge that hold them together to form a stable molecule.(ion, cation, anion) |
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Hydrogen bonds |
•Weak bonds formed by attraction of positively charged hydrogen atom to a negatively charged atom. •Found in DNA |
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Organic |
•When there is a C to C OR C to H bond then it's organic. •Carbon Base |
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Inorganic compound |
•Do not contain C to C bonds or C to H bonds. Typically composed of elements other than carbon. •Carbon base if not it's inorganic. |
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Carbohydrates |
•Organic compounds that include sugars and starches. •H and O in a 2 to 1 ratio. General formula is CH2O |
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Monosaccharide |
•Single sugar molecule(ex. Deoxyribose, glucose, fructose) found in DNA |
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Disaccharide |
•2 monosaccharide connected together through dehydration synthesis.(ex. Maltose, sucrose, lactose) |
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Polysaccharides |
•Polymers of sugars, have storage & structural roles. |
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Starch |
•a storage polysaccharide of plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers. •Is a complex sugar molecule. |
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Cellulose |
•Made the same way as starch. •Polysaccharide is a major component to plant cell walls. |
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Chitin |
•Another structural polysaccharide, is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and fungi. •No glucose monomer |
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Alpha |
•Starch, all heavy molecules are on one side. |
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Beta |
•Cellulose, heavy molecules alternate. |
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Complex Lipids |
•Can also contain phosphorous, nitrogen, or sulfur. |
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Saturated lipids |
•Do not have C-C double bonds. •Compact, not as much room for enzymes to breakdown. Increase bad cholesterol. (Bad for you) |
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Unsaturated fats |
•Not compact, easier for body to break down. (Good for you) •Have one or more C-C double bonds. |
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Phospholipid |
•Produce cell membrane. •Phospolipid has hydrophilic head & hydrophobic tails. (This creates a barrier) •Barrier called by-layer, will not let things in or out. •Also steroids are hydrophobic & can get pass the by-layer with ease. |
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Monomer |
•Same thing bound together over & over. •Example: Glucose-glucose-glucose-glucose-glucose |
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Dehydration Synthesis |
•Losing water H2O to make something new. •Triglyceride is created by the action of dehydration synthesis. |
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Amino acid groups |
•Hydrophobic amino acid •Alcoholic •Aromatic •Acidic •Basic •Amides •Sulfur •Imino Amino acid=Simpliest form of protein |
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Protein structure- Primary structure |
•The unique sequence in which the amino acids are linked together to form polypeptide. •Form polypeptide |
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Protein structure- Secondary Structure |
•Repetitous twisting or folding of the polypeptide chain which forms alpha helix or beta pleated sheet. •Form alpha helix & beta pleeted sheet |
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Protein structure- Tertiary structure |
5 reasons it folds •Hydrogen Bond occur •Hydrophobic interaction occur •Create Disulfide bond •Create a covalent bond •Create ionic bond |
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Protein structure- Quaternary Structure |
•Two or more individual polypeptides joining to operate as a functional unit. •Formed by same bond types •Separate primary structures, seconday structures & tertiary structures. •Separate peptides entirely •Only thing they share is tertiary structure |
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DNA |
•Thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine •Double stranded •Everything you are •Deoxyribose is DNA's backbone |
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RNA |
•URACIL, Adenine, guanine, cytokine •Single stranded •Translate •Codes for a single thing •Ribose- RNA's backbone |
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Denature |
•Structure/shapes changes •For a protein to function properly it has to be a specific shape. |
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Protein- Amino acid |
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