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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunocompetence |
the ability of the body to react with countless foreign substances |
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Antigens (immunogens) |
Stimulates an immmune response by T and B cells |
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Are PAMPS specific or nonspecific? |
Nonspecific |
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Are antigens specific or nonspecific? |
Specific |
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Specific immunity is characterized by what two things? |
Specificity, Memory |
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What are tthe states of specific immunity? |
1. Lymphoctye development and differentiation 2. Presentation of antigen 3. Challenge of T and B cells by antigen 4. T cell response (cell mediated immunity) and B cell response (production and activities of antibodies) |
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Memory? |
The capacity of the immune system to recognize and act against an antigen upon second and subsequent encounters. |
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Site of lymphocyte production? |
Red bone marrow |
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Final maturation site of B cells? |
Bone marrow |
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Final maturation site of T cells? |
Thymus gland |
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Mature B and T cells are constantly migrating through what three things? |
1. Spleen 2. Lymph nodes/nodules 3. Specialized lymph tissue |
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Major functions of immune system markers? |
1. Attachment to nonself or foreign antigens 2. Binding to cell surface receptors that indicate self (MHC) 3. Receiving and transmitting chemical messages to coordinate the response 4. Aiding cellular development |
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MHC glycoproteins are found on all cells except? |
RBCs |
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MHC markers are important for what two things? |
Recognition of self Rejection of foreign tissue |
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MHC 1 |
IDs self |
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MHC 2 |
Immune regulation |
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MHC 3 |
Involved with complement |
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Role of lymphocyte receptors? |
Grasping antigens that are associated with MHC B cell receptors: antibodies T cell receptors |
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What must an antigen be perceived as? |
Foreign |
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Chemical categories of antigens? |
Proteins/polypeptides Lipoproteins Glycoproteins Nucleoproteins Polysaccarides |
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What is a good molecular weight for antigens? |
10,000+ Daltons |
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Primary signal that the molecule is foreign? |
Epitope |
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Haptens? |
Incomplete or partial antigen. Too small by themselves to elicit an immune response. Less than 10,000 Daltons |
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Antigen presenting cells? |
Express antigens (epitopes) on their surface to activate B and T cells |
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CD 4 |
T helper |
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CD 8 |
Cytotoxic t |
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Functions of Antibodies? |
Binding to bacterial cell walls Opsonization Neutralization Agglutination Complement fixation Precipitation |
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Opsonization? |
Microorganisms are coated with specifc antibodies so that they will be recognized by phagocytes |
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Complement fixation? |
Specific rupturing of cells and viruses |
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Ig Classes? |
IgG IgM IgA IgD IgE |
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IgG: Valence #? Percent in serum? Placental barrier crossed yes or no? Function? |
2 80% Yes |
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IgA: Valence #? Percent in serum? Placental barrier crossed yes or no? Function? |
4 13% No Increased percent in breast milk and mucus membranes |
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IgM: Valence #? Percent in serum? Placental barrier crossed yes or no? Function? |
10 6% No Receptor on B cells and produced first with new challenge |
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IgD: valence #? Percent in serum? Placental barrier crossed yes or no? Function? |
2 1% No B cell receptor |
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IgE: Valence #? Percent in serum? Placental barrier crossed yes or no? Function? |
2 .002% No Basophils and mast cell receptor |
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Titer? |
Concentration of antibodies |
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Perforins? |
Proteins that can punch holes in the membranes of target cells. Causes ions to leak out of target cells and creates a passageway for granzymes to enter. |
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Granzymes? |
Enzymes that attack proteins of target cells |
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What do T Helper cells do? |
Activate macrphages, B cells and Cytotoxic T cells Most prevalent T cell in blood |
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What to Regulatory T cells do? |
Control the inflammatory process |
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What do cytotoxic T cells do? |
Release perforins and granzymes |
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Natural active immunity? |
After recovering from infectious disease, a person will generally be actively resistant to reinfection for a period that varies according to the disease. |
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Passive natural immunity? |
Prenatal and postnatal mother-child relationship Ex. Placental crossings Breast feeding |
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Active artificial immunity? |
Vaccinations |
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Passive artificial immunity? |
Involves a preparation that contains specific antibodies against a particular infectious agent. |
