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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in |
increased susceptibility to disease.
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During a six-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years.
The etiologic agent of the disease in the situation is |
Coxiella burnetii.
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A commensal bacterium
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may also be an opportunistic pathogen. |
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Which of the following statements is TRUE? |
At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship. |
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Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota |
are present for a relatively short time. |
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Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism? |
bacteria causing disease |
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The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of ______. |
the normal microbiota |
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Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is this condition called? |
septicemia |
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Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT? |
secondary infection: a long-lasting illness |
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Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT? |
epidemic: a disease that is endemic across the world |
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Which of the following is NOT a communicable diseases? |
tetanus |
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Focal infections initially start out as |
local infections. |
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The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can directly attributed to |
vaccinations. |
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In which of the following patterns of disease does the patient experience no signs or symptoms? |
incubation and convalescence |
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If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur prior to |
illness. |
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Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease? |
None of the answers are correct; all of these are predisposing factors of disease. |
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Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission |
involves specific diseases. |
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A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of which form of disease transmission? |
indirect contact transmission |
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Which of the following statements about biological transmission is FALSE? |
Houseflies are an important vector. |
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A needlestick is an example of |
fomite |
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Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis? |
None of the answers is correct; all of these are zoonoses. |
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched? |
None of the pairs is mismatched. |
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Which of the following is a fomite? |
a hypodermic needle |
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According to the animation, surgical infections account for what percentage of nosocomial infections? |
20% |
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What type of nosocomial infection is likely to arise from intravenous catheterizations? |
Bacteremia |
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How might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an antibiotic? |
Antibiotics can be used in aerosols, thereby entering the environment. |
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Why are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections? |
These procedures allow microbes from the skin to enter the bloodstream of the patient. |
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How can health care workers reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections?
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Practice more stringent aseptic techniques
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A patient acquires an infection by touching a contaminated door handle. Which mode of transmission best describes this scenario?
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indirect contact transmission
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A dog develops a diarrheal disease after drinking water from a creek during a hike with his owner. Which of the following best describes this method of disease transmission?
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vehicle transmission
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Plague is transmitted through the bite of an infected flea. Which of the following best describes this mode of transmission?
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vector transmission
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A nosocomial infection is
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acquired during the course of hospitalization.
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Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is FALSE?
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The patient was infected before hospitalization.
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Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a
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nosocomial infection.
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The health of the patient
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should be the primary concern of the healthcare worker.
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How can surgeons help to limit nosocomial infections?
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They should perform surgeries and invasive procedures only when absolutely necessary.
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If a patient notices a healthcare worker not following suggested precautions,
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they should immediately bring it to the attention of the healthcare worker.
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Which of the following characteristics of a catheter should be considered, to help minimize the spread of nosocomial infections?
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Single-use
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Which of the following statements is true regarding hand washing?
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Frequent and proper hand washing should be routinely done by patients and by healthcare workers, both prior to and after interaction.
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Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?
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All of the answers are correct.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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The M in MRSA stands for mannitol.
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A host is not considered diseased until an infection changes ones state of health.
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True
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Urinary tract infections are the most common forms of nosocomial infections.
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True
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Compromised hosts are always suffering from suppressed immune systems.
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False
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Both normal and transient flora can become opportunistic pathogens.
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True
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