Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Symbiosis |
to live together |
|
|
Mutualism |
both members benefit from their interaction ex: bacteria in human colon |
|
|
Commensalism |
one member of the relationship benefits without significantly affecting the other ex: staphylococcus on skin |
|
|
Parasitism |
a parasite derives benefit from its host while harming it, though some host sustain only slight damage ex: Tuberculosis bacteria in human lung |
|
|
endoparasites |
internal parasite example: tapeworm |
|
|
exoparasite
|
external parasite ex: tick, lice, or bacteria |
|
|
Pathogen |
any parasite that causes disease
|
|
|
normal microbiota
|
the microbes that colonize the surfaces of the body without normally causing disease |
|
|
Resident Microbiota |
remain part of the normal microbiota of a person throughout life |
|
|
Transient Microbiota |
remain in the body for only a few hours, days, or months before disappearing |
|
|
Opportunistic pathogens
|
When normal microbiota or other normally harmless microbes from the environment are introduced to an unusual site of the body
|
|
|
Introduction of normal microbiota into unusual site on the body |
ex: in the colon e.coli is matualistic, but should it enter the urethra, it becomes opportunistic that can produce disease. |
|
|
Immune supression |
ex: anything that suppresses the body's immune system |
|
|
Changes in normal microbiota |
changes in the relative abundance of normal microbiota, for whatever reason, may allow a member of the normal microbiota to become an opportunistic pathogen |
|
|
Reservoirs of infection |
sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection |
|
|
Animal Reservoirs |
many pathogens that normally infect either domesticated or sylvatic (wild) animals also affect humans. |
|
|
Zoonoses |
Diseases that spread from their usual animal hosts to humans
|
|
|
Well-known examples of Zoonoses |
yellow fever anthrax bubonic plague rabies
|
|
|
Carriers |
incubate the pathogen in their body and eventually develop the disease, others remain a continues source of infection without ever becoming sick ex: TB, Syphilis, and AIDS |
|
|
Contamination |
Refers to the mere presence of microbes in or on the body |
|
|
infection |
hfktfj vuu ytfh;khuyg |
|
|
nonliving reservoirs
|
soil, water, and food |
|
|
portals of entry
|
areas where pathogens enter the body
|
|
|
portals of entry locations
|
mucous membranes placenta parenteral route |
|
|
parental route |
not a portal of entry instead a means by which portals of entry can be circumvented |
|
|
adhesion |
the process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells |
|
|
adhesion factors |
either specialized structures or attachment proteins ex: hooks, disks, and suckers |
|
|
|
|
