Micro Chapter 14

Front 1

predisposing factor

Back 1

anything that makes the body more susceptible to a disese or alters the course of a disease

Front 2

sign

Back 2

a change due to a disease that a person can observe and measure

Front 3

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)

Back 3

A BRANCH OF THE US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE THAT SERVES AS A CENTRAL SOURCE OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Front 4

VEHICLE TRANSMISSION

Back 4

THE TRANSMISSION OF A PATHOGEN BY AN INANIMATE RESERVOIR

Front 5

INFECTION

Back 5

THE INVASION OR GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE BODY

Front 6

PATHOGENESIS

Back 6

THE MANNER IN WHICH A DISEASE DEVELOPS

Front 7

MORTALITY

Back 7

THE NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM A SPECIFIC NOTIFIABLE DISEASE

Front 8

SUBACUTE DISEASE

Back 8

A DISEASE WITH SYMPTOMS THAT ARE INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN ACUTE AND CHRONIC

Front 9

ACUTE DISEASE

Back 9

A DISEASE IN WHICH SYMPTOMS DEVELOP RAPIDLY BUT LAST FOR ONLY A SHORT TIME

Front 10

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN

Back 10

A MICROORGANISM THAT DOES NOT ORDINARILY CAUSE A DISEASE BUT CAN BECOME PATHOGENIC UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES

Front 11

MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

Back 11

THE PROCESS BY WHICH ARTHROPODS TRANSMIT INFECTIONS BY CARRYING PATHOGENS ON THEIR FEET AND OTHER BODY PARTS

Front 12

INCIDENCE

Back 12

THE FRACTION OF THE POPULATION THAT CONTRACTS A DISEASE DURING A PARTICULAR PERIOD OF TIME

Front 13

INDIRECT CONTACT TRANSMISSION

Back 13

THE SPREAD OF PATHOGENS BY FOMITES (NONLIVING OBJECTS)

Front 14

HERD IMMUNITY

Back 14

THE PRESENCE OF IMMUNITY IN MOST OF A POPULATION

Front 15

ZOONOSIS

Back 15

A DISEASE THAT OCCURS PRIMARILY IN WILD AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS BUT CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO HUMANS

Front 16

ENDEMIC DISEASE

Back 16

A DISEASE THAT IS CONSTANTLY PRESENT IN A CERTAIN POPULATION

Front 17

SYNDROME

Back 17

A SPECIFIC GROUP OF SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS THAT ACCOMPANY A DISEASE

Front 18

CHRONIC DISEASE

Back 18

AN ILLNESS THAT DEVELOPS SLOWLY AND IS LIKELY TO CONTINUE OR RECUR FOR LONG PERIODS

Front 19

DIRECT CONTACT TRANSMISSION

Back 19

A METHOD OF SPREADING INFECTION FROM ONE HOST TO ANOTHER THROUGH SOME KIND OF CLOSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE HOSTS

Front 20

VIREMIA

Back 20

THE PRESENCE OF VIRUSES IN THE BLOOD

Front 21

ANTAGONISM

Back 21

ACTIVE OPPOSTITION; FOR EXAMPLE, BEYOND TWO DRUGS OR TWO MICROBES

Front 22

PATHOLOGY

Back 22

THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF DISEASE

Front 23

RESERVOIR OF INFECTION

Back 23

A CONTINUAL SOURCE OF INFECTION

Front 24

BACTEREMIA

Back 24

A CONDITION IN WHICH THERE ARE BACTERIA IN THE BLOOD

Front 25

HOST

Back 25

AN ORGANISM INFECTED BY A PATHOGEN

Front 26

PROTAL OF EXIT

Back 26

THE ROUTE BY WHICH A PATHOGEN LEAVES THE BODY

Front 27

SECONDARY INFECTION

Back 27

AN INFECTION CAUSED BY AN OPPORTUNISTIC MICROBE AFTER A PRIMARY INFECTION HAS WEAKENED THE HOST'S DEFENSES

Front 28

NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Back 28

A DISEASE THAT IS NOT TRANSMITTED FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER

Front 29

PANDEMIC DISEASE

Back 29

AN EPIDEMIC THAT OCCURS WORLDWIDE

Front 30

ETIOLOGY

Back 30

THE STUDY OF THE CAUSE OF DISEASE

Front 31

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

Back 31

AN INFECTION THAT DEVELOPS DURING THE COURSE OF A HOSPITAL STAY AND WAS NOT PRESENT AT THE TIME THE PATIENT WAS ADMITTED

Front 32

LOCAL INFECTION

Back 32

AN INFECTION IN WHICH PATHOGENS ARE LIMITED TO A SMALL AREA OF THE BODY

Front 33

LATENT DISEASE

Back 33

A DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY A PERIOD OF NO SYMPTOMS WHEN THE PATHOGEN IS INACTIVE

Front 34

MMWR

Back 34

MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT' A CDC PUBLICATION CONTAINING DATA ON NOTIFIABLE DISEASES AND TOPICS OF SPECIAL INTEREST

Front 35

PRODROMAL PERIOD

Back 35

THE TIME FOLLOWING THE INCUBATION PERIOD WHEN THE FIRST SYMPTOMS OF ILLNESS APPEAR

Front 36

MORTALITY RATE

Back 36

THE NUMBER OF DEATHS RESULTING FOR A DISEASE IN A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME IN RELATION TO THE TOTAL POPULATION

Front 37

ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGY

Back 37

COMPARISON OF A DISEASED GROUP AND O HEALTHY GOURP TO DETERMINE THE CAUSE OF THE DISEASE

Front 38

SYSTEMIC (GENERALIZED) INFECTION

Back 38

AN INFECTION THROUGHOUT THE BODY

Front 39

SPORADIC DISEASE

Back 39

A DISEASE THAT OCCURS OCCASIONALLY IN A POPULATION

Front 40

NOTIFIABLE DISEASE

Back 40

A DISEASE THAT PHYSICIANS MUST REPORT TO THE US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; ALSO CALLED REPORTABLE DISEASE

Front 41

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Back 41

ANY DISEASE THAT CAN BE SPREAD FROM ONE HOST TO ANOTHER

Front 42

MUTUALISM

Back 42

A TYPE OF SYMBIOSIS IN WHICH BOTH ORGANISMS OR POPULATIONS ARE BENEFITED

Front 43

CONTACT TRANSMISSION

Back 43

THE SPREAD OF DISEASE BY DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTACT OR VIA DROPLETS

Front 44

SYMPTOM

Back 44

A CHANGE IN BODY FUNCTION THAT IS FELT BY A PATIENT AS A RESULT OF A DISEASE

Front 45

FOMITE

Back 45

A NONLIVING OBJECT THAT CAN SPREAD INFECTION

Front 46

DROPLET TRANSMISSION

Back 46

THE TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION BY SMALL LIQUID DROPLETS CARRYING MICROORGANISMS

Front 47

NORMAL MICROBIOTA

Back 47

THE MIRCROORGANISMS THAT COLONIZE A HOST WITHOUT CAUSING DISEASE; ALSO CALLED NORMAL FLORA

Front 48

MORBIDITY RATE

Back 48

THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY A DISEASE IN A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME IN RELATION TO THE TOTAL POPULATION

Front 49

SEPTICEMIA

Back 49

THE PROLIFERATION OF BACTERIA IN THE BLOOD, ACCOMPANIED BY FEVER; SOMETIMES CAUSES ORGAN DAMAGE

Front 50

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE (EID)

Back 50

A NEW OR CHANGING DISEASE THAT IS INCREASING OR HAS THE POTENTIAL TO INCREASE IN INCIDENCE IN THE NEAR FUTURE

Front 51

TOXEMIA

Back 51

THE PRESENCE OF TOXINS IN THE BLOOD

Front 52

CONTAGIOUS DISEASE

Back 52

A DISEASE THAT IS EASILY SPREAD FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER

Front 53

BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION

Back 53

THE TRANSMISSION OF A PATHOGEN FROM ONE HOST TO ANOTHER WHEN THE PATHOGEN REPRODUCES IN THE VECTOR

Front 54

INCUBATION PERIOD

Back 54

THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN THE ACTUAL INFECTION AND THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF ANY SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE

Front 55

COMPROMISED HOST

Back 55

A HOST WHOSE RESISTANCE TO INFECTION IS IMPAIRED

Front 56

SUBCLINICAL INFECTION

Back 56

AN INFECTION THE DOES NOT CAUSE A NOTICEABLE ILLNESS; ALSO CALLED INAPPARENT INFECTION

Front 57

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Back 57

THE SCIENCE THAT STUDIES WHEN AND WHERE DISEASES OCCUR AND HOW THEY ARE TRANSMITTED

Front 58

MORBIDITY

Back 58

() THE INCIDENCE OF A SPECIFIC DISEASE (2) THE CONDITION OF BEING DISEASED

Front 59

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

Back 59

THE SPREAD OF PATHOGENS FARTHER THAN 1 METER IN AIR FROM RESERVOIR TO SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

Front 60

COMMENSALISM

Back 60

A SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH TWO ORGANISMS LIVE IN ASSOCIATION AND ONE IS BENEFITED WHILE THE OTHER IS NEITHER BENEFITED NOR HARMED

Front 61

PREVALENCE

Back 61

THE FRACTION OF A POPULATION HAVING A SPECIFIC DISEASE AT A GIVEN TIME

Front 62

EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Back 62

THE STUDY OF A DISEASE USING CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS

Front 63

VECTOR

Back 63

(1) A PLASMID OR VIRUS USED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING TO INSERT GENES INTO A CELL (2) AN ARTHROPOD THAT CARRIES DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISMS FROM ONE HOST TO ANOTHER

Front 64

DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY

Back 64

THE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ALL DATA REGARDING THE OCCURRENCE OF A DISEASE TO DETERMINE ITS CAUSE

Front 65

PERIOS OF CONVALESCENCE

Back 65

THE RECOVERY PERIOD, WHEN THE BODY RETURNS TO ITS PREDISEASE STATE

Front 66

FOCAL INFECTION

Back 66

A SYSTEMIC INFECTION THAT BEGAN AS AN INFECTION IN ONE PLACE

Front 67

PARASITISM

Back 67

A SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM (THE PARASITE) EXPLOITS ANOTHER (THE HOST) WITHOUT PROVIDING ANY BENEFIT IN RETURN

Front 68

TRANSIENT MICROBIOTA

Back 68

THE MICROORGANISMS THAT ARE PRESENT IN AN ANIMAL FOR A SHORT TIME WITHOUT CAUSING A DISEASE

Front 69

SUSCEPTIBILITY

Back 69

THE LACK OF RESISTANCE TO A DISEASE

Front 70

PRIMARY INFECTION

Back 70

AN ACUTE INFECTION THAT CAUSES THE INTIAL ILLNESS

Front 71

DISEASE

Back 71

AN ABNORMAL STATE IN WHICH PART OR ALL OF THE BODY IS NOT PROPERLY ADJUSTED OR IS INCAPABLE OF PERFORMING NORMAL FUNCTIONS; AND CHANGE FROM A STATE OF HEALTH

Front 72

EPIDEMIC DISEASE

Back 72

A DISEASE ACQUIRED BY MANY HOSTS IN A GIVEN AREA IN A SHORT TIME

Front 73

KOCH'S POSTULATES

Back 73

CRITERIA USED TO DETERMINE THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Front 74

SYMBIOSIS

Back 74

THE LIVING TOGETHER OF TWO DIFFERENT ORGANISMS OR POPULATIONS