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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mycology |
Is the study of fungi increasing |
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Increasing |
The number of serious fungal infections is (increasing/decreasing) fung |
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Fungi |
___ are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemoheterotrophs |
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True |
Most fungi are decomposers, and few are parasites of plants and animals (true/false) |
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True |
A fungal thallus consists of filaments of cells called hyphae (true/false) |
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Mycelium |
A mass of hyphae |
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Yeasts |
___ are unicellular fungi |
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Symmetrically |
To reproduce, fission yeasts divide (symmetrically/asymmetrically) |
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Asymmetrically |
To reproduce, budding yeasts divide __? |
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Pseudohyphae |
Buds that do not separate from the parent cell form ___ |
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37c |
Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are yeasts like at? |
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25^c |
Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are moldlike at? |
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True |
Fungi are classified according to rRNA (true/false) |
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Asexually |
Sporangiospores and conidiospores are produced __? |
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Trie |
Sexually spores are usually produced in response to special circumstances, often changes in the environment (true/false) |
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Fungi |
__ can grow in acidic, low-moisture, aerobic environments. |
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Fungi |
__ are able to metabolize complex complex carbohydrates |
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Zygomycota |
The __ have coenocytic hyphae and produce sporangiospores and zygospores |
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Microsporidia |
___ lack mitochondria and microtubules. They cause diarrhea in AIDS patients |
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Ascospores and conidiosphores |
The Ascomycota have septate hyphae and produce __ and frequently __ ? |
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Basidiospores and conidiospores |
Basidiomycota have septate hyphae and produce __ and some produce __ ? |
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Teleomorphic |
__ fungi produce sexual and asexual spores |
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Anamorphic |
__ fungi produce asexual spores only |
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Systemic mycoses |
__ are fungal infections deep within the body that affect many tissues and organs |
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Subcutaneous mycoses |
__ are fungal infections beneath the skin |
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Cutaneous mycoses |
__ affect keratin-containing tissues such as hair, skin and nails |
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Superficial mycoses |
__ are localized on hair shafts and superficial skin cells |
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Opportunistic mycoses |
__ are caused by fungi that are not usually pathogenic |
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Opportunistic mycoses |
__ can infect any tissues. However, they are usually systemic |
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Saccharomyces and Trichoderma |
__ and __ are used in the production of foods |
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Fungi |
__ are used for the biological control of pests |
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True |
Mold spoilage of fruits, grains and vegetables is more common than bacterial spoilage of these products (true/false) |
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Many |
(Few/many) fungi cause disease in plants |
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Lichen |
__ is a mutualistic combination of an alga and a fungus |
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Alga, fungus |
The __ photosynthesizes, providing carbohydrates for the lichen, the __ provides a holdfast |
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False - unsuitable |
Lichens colonize habitats that are suitable for either the alga or the fungus alone |
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True |
Lichens may be classified on the basis of morphology as crustose, foliose or fruticose (true/false) |
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Algae |
__ are unicellular, filamentous or multicellular (thallic) |
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Aquatic |
Most algae live in __ environments |
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Eukaryotic |
Algae are (eukaryotic/prokaryotic) |
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Photoautotrophs |
Most algae are __ ? |
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Thallus |
The __ of multicellular algae usually consists of a stipe, a holdfast and blades |
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Cell division and fragmentation |
Algae reproduce asexually by __? |
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True |
Many algae reproduce sexually (true/false) |
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Photoautotrophic |
__ algae produce oxygen |
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Structures and pigments |
Algae are classified according to their __? |
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Brown algae (kelp) |
__ may be harvested for algin |
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True |
Red algae grow deeper in the ocean than other algae (true/false) |
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Green algae |
__ have cellulose and chlorophyll a and b and store starch |
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Diatoms |
__ are unicellular and have pectin and silica cell walls; some produce a neurotoxin |
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Dinoflagellates |
__ produce neurotoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning and ciguatera |
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Oomycotes |
__ are heterotrophic, they include decomposers and pathogens |
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Algae |
__ are the primary producers in aquatic food chains |
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Planktonic |
__ algae produce most of the molecular oxygen in the earths atmosphere |
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Petroleum |
__ is the fossil remains of planktonic algae |
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Unicellular |
__ algae are symbionts in such animals as Tridacna |
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Protozoa |
__ are unicellular, eukaryotic chemoheterotrophs |
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Soil and water |
Protozoa are found in __ and __ and as normal microbiota in animals |
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Trophozoite |
The vegetative form of Protozoa is called __? |
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Asexual |
__ reproduction is by fission, budding or schizogony |
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Conjugation |
Sexual reproduction is by __? |
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Ciliate conjunction |
During __ , two haploid nuclei fuse to produce a zygote |
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Cyst |
Some Protozoa can produce a __ that provides protection during adverse environmental conditions |
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Protozoa |
__ have complex cells with a pellicle, a cytostome and an anal pore |
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Mitochondria |
Trichomonas and Giardia lack __ and have flagella |
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Euglenozoa |
__ move by means of flagella and lack sexual reproduction, they include Trypanosoma |
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Amebae |
__ include Entamoeba and Acanthoeba |
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Apicomplexa |
__ have apical organelles for penetrating host tissue, they include Plasmodium and Cryptosporidium |
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Ciliates |
__ move by means of cilia |
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Balantidium coli |
__ is the human parasitic ciliate |
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Phagocytosis |
Cellular slime molds resemble amebae and ingest bacteria by __? |
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Plasmodial |
__ slime molds consist of a multinucleated mass of protoplasm that engulfs organic debris and bacteria as it moves |
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Platyehelminthes |
Parasitic flatworms belong to the phylum __? |
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Nematoda |
Parasitic roundworms belong to the phylum __? |
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Helminths |
__ are multicellular animals, a few are parasites of humans |
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True |
The anatomy and life cycle of parasitic helminths are modified for parasitism (true/false) |
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Adult |
The __ stage of a parasitic helminth is found in the definitive host |
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Intermediate |
Each larval stage of a parasitic helminth requires an __ host |
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Monoecious or dioecious |
Helminths can be __? |
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Flatworms |
__ are dorsoventrally flattened animals, (parasitic flatworms may lack a digestive system) |
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Adult trematodes |
__ or flukes, have an oral and ventral sucker with which they attach to host tissue |
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Cestode or tapeworm |
A __ , consists of a scolex (head) and proglottids |
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Humans |
__ serve as the definitive host for the beef tapeworm, and cattle are the intermediate host |
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Pork tapeworm |
Humans serve as the definitive host and can be an intermediate host for the __? |
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Echinococcus granulosus |
Humans serve as the intermediate host for __, the definitive host are dogs, wolves and foxes |
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Roundworms |
__ have a complete digestive system |
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Nematodes |
The __ that infect humans with their eggs include Ascaris, Trichuris and Enterobius |
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Hookworms and Trichinella |
The nematodes that infect humans with their larvae include __? |
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Arthropoda |
Jointed-legged animals, including ticks and insects, belong to the phylum __? |
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Vectors |
Arthropods that carry diseases are called __? |
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Vectorborne |
__ diseases are most effectively eliminated by controlling or eradicating the vectors |
