Micro Ch7 (Exam 3)

Front 1

a sequence of three bases in a tRNA molecule that base-pairs with a codon during protein synthesis

Back 1

anticodon

Front 2

a group of enzymes each on of which catalyzes the attachment of the correct amino acid to a tRNA

Back 2

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Front 3

in reference to double-stranded DNA, one strand runs 5' -> 3' and the other 3' -> 5'

Back 3

antiparallel

Front 4

a genetic element, usually circular in prokaryotes and linear in eukaryotes, carrying genes essential to cellular function

Back 4

chromosome

Front 5

a sequence of three bases in mRNA that encodes an amino acid

Back 5

codon

Front 6

nucleic acid sequences that can base-pair w/ each other

Back 6

complementary

Front 7

an enzyme found in most prokaryotes that introduces negative supercoils in DNA

Back 7

DNA gyrase

Front 8

an enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA in the 5' -> 3' direction using an antiparallel DNA strand as a template

Back 8

DNA polymerase

Front 9

the coding DNA sequences in a split gene (contrast with intron)

Back 9

exon

Front 10

a segment of DNA specifying a protein (via mRNA, a tRNA, or an rRNA

Back 10

gene

Front 11

the total complement of genes contained within a cell or a virus

Back 11

genome

Front 12

the intervening noncoding DNA sequences in a split gene (contrast with exon)

Back 12

intron

Front 13

an RNA molecule that contains the genetic information necessary to encode a particular protein

Back 13

messenger RNA, mRNA

Front 14

a group of proteins that help other proteins fold or re-fold from a partially denatured state

Back 14

molecular chaperones

Front 15

a cluster of genes whose expression is controlled by a single operator

Back 15

operon

Front 16

an unprocessed RNA molecule that is the direct product of transcription

Back 16

primary transcript

Front 17

a molecule (usually a polynucleotide) to which DNA polymerase can attach the first deoxyribonucleotide during DNA replication

Back 17

primer

Front 18

a site on DNA to which RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription

Back 18

promoter

Front 19

synthesis of DNA using DNA as a template

Back 19

replication

Front 20

types of RNA found in the ribosome; some participate actively in the process of protein synthesis

Back 20

ribosomal RNA, rRNA

Front 21

a cytoplasmic particle composed of ribosomal RNA and protein, which is a central part of the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell

Back 21

ribosome

Front 22

an RNA molecule that can catalyze chemical reactions

Back 22

ribozyme

Front 23

an enzyme that synthesizes RNA in the 5' -> 3' direction using an antiparallel DNA strand as a template

Back 23

RNA polymerase

Front 24

the conversion of a precursor RNA to its mature form

Back 24

RNA processing

Front 25

DNA synthesis yielding new double helices, each consisting of one parental and one progeny strand

Back 25

semiconservative replication

Front 26

a complex of several proteins and small RNAs that functions to remove introns and join adjacent exons to form mature mRNA in eukaryotic cells

Back 26

splicesome

Front 27

the RNA processing step by which introns are removed and exons joined

Back 27

splicing

Front 28

an enzyme that contains a short RNA template and that functions to replicate the ends (telomeres) of eukaryotic chromsomes

Back 28

telomerase

Front 29

the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template

Back 29

transcription

Front 30

an adaptor molecule used in translation that has specificity for both a particular amino acid and for one or more codons

Back 30

transfer RNA, tRNA

Front 31

the synthesis of protein using the genetic information in messenger RNA as a template

Back 31

translation