Micro Ch 6 Bacterial Genetics

Front 1

In all organisms except some viruses the genetic information is

Back 1

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Front 2

Where is most DNA contained in the cell?

Back 2

chromosome as a single, circular molecule of DNA

Front 3

The chromosome exists as thread like fibers associated with some protein and is localized in the cytosol in a space called the ?

Back 3

nucleoid

Front 4

How does a chromasome fit inside a small cell?

Back 4

chromasome is supercoiled

Front 5

plasmids

Back 5

small, closed loops of DNA
more common in gram negative
independent units in cytosol
2 percent of the genetic information of the cell
multiply independently of the chromosome
plasmids are easily transferred btw. cells
not essential to the life of the cacterial cell

Front 6

What are the advantages for an organism that have plasmids?

Back 6

R factor plasmids carry genes for antibiotic resistance
others, allow bacteria to transfer their genetic material to receptive cells in a recombination process.

Placmids that produce Bacteriocids, a group of proteins that inhibit or kill other bacteria.

contain genes that code for toxins that affect human cells and disease processes.

Front 7

Semiconservative medthod of DNA replication

Back 7

one strand of the replicate DNA is conserved in the new DNA molecule and one strand is newly synthesized

Front 8

origin of replication

Back 8

A fixed point where DNA starts off

Front 9

Replication fork

Back 9

point at which the double helix is unwound and new polynucleotide strands are synthesized.

Front 10

DNA polymerase

Back 10

an exzyme that synthesizes a new DNA strand from a DNA template.

Front 11

DNA ligase

Back 11

an enzyme that binds together short DNA fragments

Front 12

Okazaki fragments

Back 12

segments of DNA resulting from discontinuous DNA replication.

Front 13

rolling circle mechanism

Back 13

type of DNA replication that takes place in some viruses and in bacteia undergoing a tpe of recombination called conjugation.

Front 14

Protein synthesis

Back 14

amino acids are precisely bound together in a sequence determined by the hereditary informaton, the genes, inside the cell

Front 15

What are the compounds resulting frm protein synthesis used for?

Back 15

cellular enxymes, structural components, toxins

Front 16

What does protein synthesis require?

Back 16

DNA of the chromosome, but also ribonucleic acid

Front 17

Transcription

Back 17

genetic information first is expressed as RNA
copies genetic information into RNA

Front 18

translation

Back 18

amino acids are sequence to from protein, reflects the genetic information in the DNA.

Front 19

Central Dogma

Back 19

identifies the flow of genetic information
DNA -(transctiption)-> RNA -(translation)-> protein

Front 20

RNA polymerase:

Back 20

an enzyme that synthesizes an RNA polynucleotide form the DNA template with in a gene

Front 21

Name the base pairs of a DNA strand?

Back 21

Guanine pair with cytosie
Thymine pair with adenine

Front 22

Name the 3 types of RNA that result from transcription

Back 22

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

Front 23

mRNA

Back 23

carries the message as to whet protein will be synthesized
the messages are encoded in a series of three-base codes or codons

Front 24

rRNA

Back 24

framework of the ribosomes

Front 25

tRNA

Back 25

smallets, cloverleaf shape, one point haive three nitrogenous bases (triplet) that function as an anticodon

Front 26

Anticodon

Back 26

a sequence that complementary binds to an mRNA codon.

Front 27

Translation

Back 27

porcess of making the protein Operons