Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What microscope gives a 3D view?
|
Phase Contrast
|
|
|
How is a Florescent microscope used?
|
Fluorochromes are excited by ultraviolet light, gives off visable light. Finds TB in sputum.
|
|
|
Define bacillus.
Give an example |
Rod shaped bacteria
Salmonella thyphi anthracis diphtheria |
|
|
Streptobacilli
|
chains of bacillus
|
|
|
Give an example of Cocci
|
Berry
|
|
|
Diplococci
|
Gonorrhea
Neisseia gonorrhoeae N. meningitidis |
|
|
Streptoccus
|
Streptococcus pyogenes
S. mutans S. lactis (produce yogert) |
|
|
Sacrina
|
bundle
micococcus luteus |
|
|
staphylococcus
|
grape like cluster
staphylococcus aureus |
|
|
What are the three types of spiral
|
Vibrios - curved rods (commas)Vibrio cholerae
Spirilla - helical shape with a thick, rigid cell wall and flagella that assist movement Spirothetes - thin, flexible cell wall but no flagella, Treponema Pallidum |
|
|
Fagella
|
provide motility
monotrichous - single lophotrichous - group at one end amphitrichous - single group at both ends peritrichous - many locations |
|
|
Chemotaxis
|
movement toward an attractant
|
|
|
Pili
|
numerous short, thin hair like fibers
Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram negative bacteria attach the bacterial cell to specific surfaces uses adhesins enhave ability to colinize and cause disease |
|
|
Conjugation pilli (fimbriae)
|
transfer of genetic material btw. cells
|
|
|
Glycocalyx
|
Gram (-) and (+) rods and cocci secrete can adhering layer of polysacharides and small protiens
|
|
|
sime layer
|
Thick and tightly bound layer of glycocalyx
|
|
|
dextran
|
A slime layer usually contains a mass of tangled fibers of a polysaccharied
|
|
|
Peptidoglycan
|
(murein) alternating units of two aminocontaining sugars
NAG and NAM |
|
|
Gram positive bacteria
|
cell wall contains a thick layer peptidoglycan (crystal violet)
S.pyogenes Penicillin has little effect of thick walls Lysozyme can destroy cell |
|
|
Lysome
|
an enzyme found in human tears and saliva.
This attacks the linkages btw. carohydrates in the peptidoglycan layer of gram (+) bacteria. |
|
|
Gram (-) bacteria
|
Thin wall of peptidoglycan
No teichoic acid Losses crystal violet stain during Gram staining Has an outer membrane LPS - consists of Lipid A, an Endotoxin, causing fever and circulatory collapse when it is released form the bacterial cell into the bloodstream of GI tract of ex. salmonella and e. coli |
|
|
O-polysaccharide
|
used to id variants of a speices of
G(-)bacteria |
|
|
Porins
|
On G(-) bacteria
form pores |
|
|
Periplasmic region
|
In G(-) bacteria
btw. outer membrane and cell membrane Filled with periplasm, a gel like material containing digestive enxymes and transport proteins |
|
|
What is the Resistance of G(-) bacteria
|
Resistace against
Penicillian antimicrobial agens dyes disinfectants and lysoxyme |
|
|
Cell membrane
|
plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells
|
|
|
Fluid mosaic model
|
Fluid movement in membrane
|
|
|
Cytoplasm
|
foundation substance of a cell and the center of its growth and metabioism
|
|
|
Ribosomes
|
granular appearance
built from RNA and protein and composted of a small and large subunit. |
|
|
Streotomycin and tetracycline
|
prevent bacterial ribosmomes from carrying out protien synthesis
|
|
|
Inclusion bodies
|
cytoplasmic structures
store nutrients or the monomers for bacterial structures ID characters for disease causing bacteria |
|
|
Metachromatic granules
|
An inclusion body known as volutin
Found in Diphtheria bacilli stained deepley with methylene blue |
|
|
Magnetosome
|
Type of inclusion body that helps bacteria orient themselves to the environment by aligning themselves with magnetic field
|
|
|
Nucleoid
|
chromosome region in a bacteiral cell
does not contain a covering or membrane DNA aggregates and ribosomes are absent |
|
|
Plasmids
|
nonessential molecules of DNA apart from nucleoid
exist as closed loo[s containing 5-100genes significant in disease processes create toxic substance or drug resistance |
|
|
R plasmids
|
R for resistance
transferred btw. cells during recombination processes and multiply independently from cell reproduction |
|
|
Endospores
|
Vegitative go into dormancy
Gram positive bacteria, Bacillus and clostridium form when env. in harsh most resistant living thing on earth |
|
|
Contents of endospores
|
Long lasting b.c of dipicolinic acid, stabilize thier proteins and DNA
water over 80 degress for over 2 hry 70 percent ethyl alcohol for 20 years |
|
|
Diseases caused by endospores
|
bacillus sphaericus
Bacillus anthracis (Clostridium) Botulism (no 02), gas gangrene, tetanus (need 02) |
|
|
How do bacteria reproduce?
|
Binary fission
|
|
|
Generation time
|
or doubling time is an interval of time btw. succesive bainary fissions of a cell or population of cells
|
|
|
Which bacteria has an generation time of 30min
|
staphylococcus
|
|
|
Escherichia Ecoli generatin time
|
20 min
|
|
|
Lag phase
|
no cell division occours
bacteria are adapting to their new environment lenght depends on the metabolic activity in the remaining bacteria they must grow in size store nutrients and synthesize enxymes in preparation for binary fission |
|
|
Log phase
|
undergoing binary fission
genearation time is dependent on the species and envioronmental condisitons graph rises in a gtraight line |
|
|
stationary phase
|
reproductive and death rates equalize
populaiton enters a plateau |
|
|
What organism produces endospores
|
bacillus or clostridium
|
|
|
exponential death phase
|
number of dying cells exceed the number of new cells formed
|
|
|
psychrophiles
|
ocean depths
0-15 degress these bacteria contain unstaturated fatty acids in ther phospholipids that allow the cell membrane to reemain fluid contian enxymes that are function onlhy at low temp Die in humans |
|
|
thermophiles
|
40-70 degress
compost heaps and hot sprint, diary products b/c surve pasteurizaiton temp no threat to human b/c do not grow well at cooler temp of the body contain heat stable protiens and enzymes |
|
|
hyperthermo philes
|
80-113 degress
hot water vents |
|
|
Mesophiles
|
20 - 45 degress
human pathogens refrigerated foods slow growth due to toxin (campylobacter) |
|
|
aerobes
|
need O2 as a final electron acceptor to make cellular energy
|
|
|
microaerophiles
|
treponema pallidium - syphilis
live in low O2 |
|
|
anaerobes
|
do not or cannot use O2
|
|
|
aerotolerant
|
insensitive to O2 and grow with or without O2 present
|
|
|
Obligate anaerobes
|
are killed if O2 is present
ex. thiomargarita namibiensis reminant archea petroleum and swamp gass is a product |
|
|
campylobacteriosis
|
from raw meet
|
|
|
thioglycolate broth
|
test an organism oxygen requirement
GasPak |
|
|
faculative
|
neither aerobic nor anarobic
staphylocci streptococci bacillus intestinal rods, e.coli |
|
|
Capnophilic
|
low in o2 but rich in CO2
|
|
|
Acidophiles
|
lactobacillus, streptoccoccus produce the acid that converts milk to butter milk and cream to sour cream
no threat to good health |
|
|
What are the aceptic tecniques?
|
1)Use bonami soap to clean the slide
2)use disinfectant liqid before and after using the lap table 3)flame loop and needle before and after use |
