Micro Ch 33: Bacterial Diseases Of The Skin

Front 1

How does tetanus infection occur?

Back 1

Tetanus is caused by spores from the soil that enter via a puncture wound (e.g. a nail in the foot).

Front 2

What specific pathology does C. tetani cause?

Back 2

C. tetani causes the jaw muscles to contract intensely, hence, the common name lockjaw. Actually, all muscles of the body are affected.

Front 3

What animal is a source of anthrax seen in the United States? How is anthrax prevented?

Back 3

Cattle are an animal source of anthrax seen in the United States. Anthrax is prevented by vaccination and treatment of cattle.

Front 4

How fast does M. leprae grow?

Back 4

M. leprae organisms in pts grow extremely slow and may have incubation times of two to ten years before an infected person shows symptoms. The organisms do not grow in culture media.

Front 5

What parts of the body infected by M. leprae?

Back 5

skin and neurons

Front 6

How is leprosy transmitted?

Back 6

Leprosy is transmitted by direct contact. Lepromatous leprosy may may be contracted from respiratory aerosols. M. leprae may not be spread easily, as spouses of infected people sometimes do not contract the disease even after years of contact. M. leprae does grow in nine-banded armadillos, however, and may be transmitted by them.

Front 7

What is the incubation period for leprosy? How is leprosy diagnosed and treated?

Back 7

Th orgs in pts grow extremely slow and may have incubation times of two to ten years before an infected person shows symptoms. Leprosy is diagnosed by observation of skin lesions and loss of sensation. Treatment is with the reserved antibiotic dapsone, or other antibacterials in the case of resistance, for two years or more.

Front 8

What organism causes gas gangrene?

Back 8

C. perfringens

Front 9

All people carry S. epidermidis. Were?

Back 9

skin

Front 10

What species of Staphylococcus is coagulase positive?

Back 10

S. aureus

Front 11

What percentage of people in the hospital setting are carriers of staphylococcus?

Back 11

30 to 50% of all hospital setting are carriers of staphylococci

Front 12

List diseases caused by s.aureus

Back 12

food poisoning, nosocomial infections, impetigo, boils, desquamation or denuding in newborns, pneumonia, and osteomyelitis

Front 13

List the virulence determinants and their functions common to all strains of S. aureus.

Back 13

The virulence determinants and their functions common to all strains of S. aureus are protein A (cloaks the bacteria with humans Abs); hemolysin (lyses RBCs); leukocidin (kills WBCs); coagulase (clots blood); and catalase (degrades hydrogen peroxide).

Front 14

How are pyrogenic staphylococcal infections primarily infected?

Back 14

Pyogenic (pus-forming0 staphylococcal infections are treated primarily by draining the pus.

Front 15

What does MRSA indicate?

Back 15

methicillin resistant S. aureus

Front 16

What should be done to prevent staphylococcal transmission in the hospital setting?

Back 16

To prevent staphylococcal transmission in the hospital setting, staff must engage in strict hand washing and aseptic techniques.

Front 17

How stable to temperature is Staphylococcus aureus?

Back 17

Neither freezing nor food-warming temperatures will kill the bacteria staphylococcus aureus.

Front 18

Enterococcus faecalis is transmitted from where to where to cause infections?

Back 18

Enterococcus faecalis is normal flora from the intestinal tract that causes infection when there is a gut perforation.