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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bactericidal
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Kill microbes directly
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Bacteriostatic
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Prevent microbes from growing
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The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs (STEP 1)
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Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Bacitracin, Vancomycin |
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The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs (STEP 2)
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Inhibition of Protein Synthesis: Chloramphenicol, erthromycin, tetrecyclines, streptomycin |
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The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs (STEP 4)
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Injury to plasma membrane: Polymyxin B |
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The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs (STEP 5)
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Inhibition of synthesis of essential metabolites: sulfanilamide, trimethoprim |
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The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs (STEP 3)
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Inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription: quinolones, rifampin |
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Penicillin G |
requires injection |
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Penicillin V |
can be taken orally |
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Oxacillin |
Narrow spectrum, only gram-positives, but resistant to penicillinase |
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Ampicillin |
Extended spectrum, many gram negatives |
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β−Lactam Antibiotics
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1. Penicillin
2. Carbapenems 3. Monobactam 4. Cephalosporins |
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Penicillin
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Penicilinase-resistant penicillins
Penicillins + β-lactamase inhibitors |
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Carbapenems
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Substitute a C for a S, add a double bond |
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Monobactam
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Single Bond |
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Cephalosporins (1st gen)
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Narrow spectrum, gram-positive
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Cephalosporins (2nd gen)
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Extended spectrum includes gram-negative
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Cephalosporins (3rd gen)
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Includes pseudomonads; injected
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Cephalosporins (4th gen)
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Oral |
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Flemings Discovery |
Penicillin-1928 |
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Antihelminthic Drugs
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~Echinocandins ~Niclosamide ~Praziquantel ~Mebendazole ~Ivermectin |
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Antiviral Drugs
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~Protease inhibitors
~Integrase inhibitors ~Inhibit attachment ~Inhibit uncoating ~Fusion inhibitors |
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Antifungal Drugs |
~Azoles
~Allylamines ~Flucytocine ~Pentamidine isethionate ~Griseofulvin ~Tolnaftate |
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Antibiotic Resistance
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~Enzymatic destruction of drug
~Prevention of penetration of drug ~Alteration of drug's target site ~Rapid ejection of the drug |
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β−Lactam Ring
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core structure of several antibiotic families
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