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15 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
How did Griffith demonstrate a gene transfer?
Griffith showed that capsular production could be restored to a capsular mutant from dead, wild-type bacteria.
How did Avery show that genes are made of DNA?
Avery and his coworkers showed that the bacterial substance that caused transformation was DNase sensitive. This provided strong evidence that transferal of DNA rather than protein or RNA was necessary for capsule production.
What did Hershey and Chase's experiment confirm?
Hershey and Chase confirmed that DNA, rather than protein, is the genetic material.
Gene (define)
The DNA coding material for a single protein.
Chromosome
A large circular molecule of several million base pairs of DNA that contains cellular genes
Genome
The collection of all the genes in a cell
Complementary DNA
DNA that will base pair with another DNA molecule because it has A in place of every T, C in place of ever G of the other molecule
How many genes might there be in an average bacterium? In a human cell?
There are about five thousand genes in a bacterium and about fifty thousand genes in a human cell
What cells have diploid or haploid genomes?
Prokaryotic cells have haploid genomes; eukaryotic cells have diploid genomes.
What must happen in the genetic material when division of a cell occurs?
when division of a cell occurs, the genome must be duplicated
Where does DNA synthesis begin?
origin of replication
What is produced by DNA replication?
two double stranded DNA molecules
How does DNA proofread?
DNA proofreads through DNA polymerase, which checks to see if the newly added nucleotides are complementary, DNA polymerase removes and replaces them with a new nucleotide.
Are human viruses harmful or beneficial?
Human viruses can be both harmful and beneficial. When a virus causes damage to the host, it is harmful. When a virus is used by gene therapy to repair a human genetic defect, it is beneficial.
What is a viral vector?
A viral vector is a virus used in gene therapy to deliver a gene with proper activity to host cells that need the gene.