Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What does the study of organisms mean? |
Too small to be seen w/o some kind of magnification |
|
|
|
What is the science that began with death and lack of knowledge? |
Bubonic Plague |
|
|
|
What is the study of Fungi? |
Mycology |
|
|
|
What is the study of helminths(worms)? |
Parasitology |
|
|
|
How many different microbes cause diseases? |
2,000 |
|
|
|
What is a microbe? |
A small form of life |
|
|
|
What does "ubiquitous" mean? |
Found everywhere |
|
|
|
How many new infections are discovered per year, worldwide? |
10 billion |
|
|
|
How many deaths occur from infections per year, worldwide? |
13 million |
|
|
|
What are the 3 main diseases that cause the most deaths? |
#1. Pneumonia and Flu #2. AIDS #3. Diarrheal Diseases |
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of Procaryotes? |
LACK NUCLEI, unicellular, membrane bound organelles |
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of Eucaryotes? |
HAS NUCLEUS, unicellular and multicellular, membrane bound organelles |
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of Viruses? |
ACELLULAR (NO CELL), there are parasitic particles composed of nucleic acids and proteins |
|
|
|
How are Procaryotes measured? |
Micrometers (1 / 1,000,000 m) |
|
|
|
How are viruses measured? |
Nanometers ( 1 / 1,000,000,000 m) |
|
|
|
What are helminths measured in? |
Milimeters |
|
|
|
What does 1 centimeter equal and mean? |
10 milimeters; "little finger" (width of pinky) |
|
|
|
Who was the first time observe living microbes and develop the microscope (single lens magnified up to 300x) ? |
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
|
|
|
What were the 4 prominent discoveries of microbiology? |
1. Microscopy 2. Scientific Method 3. Medical Microbiology 4. Microbiology Techniques |
|
|
|
What is Spontaneous Generation? |
"LIFE COMES FROM NON-LIFE" |
|
|
|
What is a hypothesis? |
A guess that can be supported/refuted by observation and experimentation |
|
|
|
If a hypothesis is supported what does it become? |
A theory (which is a proven hypothesis) |
|
|
|
If a theory is true and supported, what does it become? |
A law or principle (proven theory) |
|
|
|
Who presented that there are some forms of microbes that are heat resistant? |
John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn |
|
|
|
What did Cohn call the microbes that are heat resistant? |
Endospores |
|
|
|
What requires elimination of all life forms (including endospores and viruses)? |
Sterility |
|
|
|
Who observed that mom's who gave birth at home had fewer infections than those that have birth in a hospital? |
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes |
|
|
|
Who said that infections that came with physicians came directly from the autopsy room to the maternity ward? |
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis |
|
|
|
Who introduced aseptic techniques that reduced microbes in medical settings to prevent infections? |
Joseph Lister |
INVOLVED DISINFECTION USING CHEMICALS PRIOR TO SURGERY; USE OF HEAT FOR STERILIZATION |
|
|
Who created the "Pathogens and Germ Theory of Disease" that stated: diseases are caused by growth of microbes in the body and not by sins, bad character or poverty? |
Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch |
|
|
|
What else did Louis Pasteur do? |
1. Showed that microbes caused fermentation and spoilage 2. Disproved Spontaneous Generation 3. Developed pasteurization 4. Developed a Rabies Vaccine |
|
|
|
What else did Robert Koch do? |
1. Created Koch's Postulates (experimental steps that verified the germ theory) 2. Identified the cause of Anthrax, TB, and Cholera 3. Developed Pure Culture Methods |
|
|
|
Who created the taxonomy system? |
Carl von Linné |
|
|
|
What are the 3 main aspects of the taxonomy system? |
1. Classification: orderly arrangements if organisms into groups 2. Nomenclature: assigned names 3. Identification: discovering and recording traits if organisms |
|
|
|
What are the levels of classification in the taxonomy system? |
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, & Species |
(D) king Philip Came Over For Grape Soda |
|
|
When naming microbes, what is ALWAYS capital, and what isn't? |
GENUS IS ALWAYS CAPITAL, species is not |
|
|
|
What originates from what? |
New species from preexisting species |
|
|
|
What are the 3 domains? |
1. Bacteria 2. Archea 3. Eukarya |
|
|
|
What are the 5 I's of Culturing Microbes? |
1. Inoculation 2. Isolation 3. Incubation 4. Inspection 5. Identification |
|
|
|
What is inoculation? |
Putting microbes in/on an area for growth and observation |
|
|
|
What could the microbes be placed on for inoculation? |
1. Agar Plate (solid media) 2. Slant Tube (solid media) 3. Liquid Broth (liquid media) |
|
|
|
What is isolation? |
Separation one species of microbe from another |
|
|
|
What is it called when an individual bacterial cell is separated from other cells and has space on a surface to grow into a mound of cells? |
A colony |
CONSISTS OF 1 SPECIES |
|
|
What are the 3 isolation techniques? |
1. Streak plate 2. Pour plate 3. Spread plate |
|
|
|
What are the 3 physical states of matter? And what is the media called? |
1. Liquid = Broth 2. Semisolid = Agar or Gelatin 3. Solid |
|
|
|
What is the difference between media and culture? |
Media = W/O microbes Culture = W/ microbes |
|
|
|
What is the most common solidifying agent? |
Agar |
|
|
|
Describe how Agar works |
• Solid at room temp • liquefies at 100°C • doesn't resolodify until 42°C • provides framework to hold moisture and nutrients • NOT DIGESTIBLE FOR MOST MICROBES • Used in Slants and Plates |
|
|
|
What is the liquid medium that contains beef extract and peotone? |
Nutrient Broth |
|
|
|
What is the solid medium that contains beef extract, peotone, and agar? |
Nutrient Agar |
|
|
|
What type of media selects certain bacteria for growth? |
Selective media |
|
|
|
What type of media grows different kinds of microbes? |
Differential media |
|
|
|
What is incubation? |
A temperature controlled chamber at a specific temp and atmosphere that "bakes" the microbes |
|
|
|
What is inspection? |
Observation |
|
|
|
What kind of culture grows 1 species? |
A pure culture |
|
|
|
What kind of culture grows 2 or more species? |
A mixed culture |
|
|
|
What kind of culture is it when it was once pure or mixed, but now also has unwanted microbes growing? |
A contaminated culture |
|
|
|
What are the 2 ways of disposing cultures? |
1. Steam sterilization 2. Incineration |
|
