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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Decontamination
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destroys or removes contaminants
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What is the name of chemicals that can sterilize?
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Sterilants
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Degermation
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cleansing technique that removes microorganisms and debris from living tissue
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A microbe is considered dead when…
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It can no longer reproduce when it is in a favorable environment
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describe how agent destroys the cell wall
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the cell wall can no longer be synthesized, it is digested, or it is broken down
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describe how agent destroys the cell membrane
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the cell membrane is disrupted
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what is the name of a molecule that disrupts the cell membrane?
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surfactant
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the protein is normally in the…
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native state
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disrupting the structure of a protein is called
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denaturation
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how does moist heat kill microbes?
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by coagulation and denaturation of proteins
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how does dry heat kill microbes?
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the cell is dehydrated and oxidized
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what refers to the shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature?
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Thermal Death Time
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what refers to the lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in ten minutes?
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Thermal death point
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what is another term for intermittent sterilization?
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tyndallization
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what is the effect of cold temperatures on microbes?
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static
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a combination of freezing and drying is called
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lyophilization
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how does ionizing radiation work?
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the molecules are turned into ions
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how does non-ionizing radiation work?
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the electrons jump into a higher energy zone, creating odd chemical bonds
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what does non-ionizing radiation create?
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pyrimidine dimers = abnormal linkages
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aqueous
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solutions containing pure water as the solvent
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tinctures
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solutions containing alcohol or an alcohol/water solvent
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what are the three levels that chemicals are rated at?
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high = sporicidal, intermediate = disinfectant, low = eliminate only vegetative cells
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what is the term for the measure of a chemical in comparison with phenol?
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the phenol coefficient
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*give a specific example of cell destruction by attacking the cell wall
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penicillin - attacks cross-links in peptidoglycan
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*give a specific example of cell destruction by attacking the cell membrane
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surfactants - decrease surface tension of cell membrane
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*give a specific example of cell destruction by attacking Proteins and Nucleic Acid Synthesis
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X-rays cause mutation or permanent inactivation of DNA
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*give a specific example of cell destruction by altering protein function
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Moist heat coagulates proteins
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*TDT
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Thermal Death Time - shortest length of time required to kill all microbes at given temperature
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*TDP
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Thermal Death Point - lowest required temperature required to kill all microbes in 10 minutes
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*pasteurization does not kill spores or…
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thermoduric microbes
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*list seven bacteria that pasteurization aims to destroy
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(1) Solmonella, (2) Campylobacter jejuni, (3) Listeria monocytogenes, (4) Brucella, (5) Coqiella burnetii, (6) Mycobacterium bovis, (7) M. tuberculosis'
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*ultrapasteurization
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uses UHT (ultra-high temperature) of 134 degrees C for 1-2 seconds
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*List the four uses of ionizing light
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packaged plastic devices, medical supplies, food sterilization, bone and skin grafts
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