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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type II Secretion system
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(Gram Negative bacteria)
secrete protein across the inner membrane |
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Type III SS
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in Gram neg
deliver toxins directly into host cells |
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Type IV SS
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in gram negs
deliver DNA into host cells |
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Haemophilus
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humans only reservoir
small Gram NEG rod HIB: Haemophilus Influenza type B virulence: type b polysaccharide capsule Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia children few months to 3 years old (mother's immunity wanes) because of polysaccharide capsule, vaccine conjugated with Diptheria toxoid for T-cell response |
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saprophyte
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organism not associated with disease
free living bacteria |
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toxoid
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generated by a toxin treated with formalin to generate vaccine
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Bacteriodes fragilisa
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gram-negative
faculative anaerobe most intra-abdominal infections has catalase and superoxide dismutase often isolated with peptostreptococcus in intra-abdominal abscess agar plate: stimulated by bile (bile-eschulin agar), resistant to gentamicin, hydrolize eschulin to make black precipitate |
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clostridia
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gram positive
obligate anaerobe or aerotolerant exotoxin saccharolytic or proteolytic metablolism C. difficile (Toxins A and B, GI disease) C perfringes (invasive)[histotoxic clostridia] C. tetani, C. bolulinum: neurotoxins cleave SNARES |
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Clostridium difficile
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Gram positive anaerobe
responsible for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (Toxins A and B) Toxins A and B glucosylate Rho GTPases which causes actin depolymerization-> disrupt gut epithelium -> diarrhea treatment: Metronidazole, vancomycin or fluoroquinolone |
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Clostridium perfringens
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Gram positive anaerobe
invasive myonecrosis reduces tissue redox potential: pyruvate -> lactate, decrease in pH. host proteases release nutrients C. perfringesns -> alpha toxin (phospholipase) results in gas gangrene. treat with antibiotics and excision |
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Clostridium tetani
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Gram positive anaerobe,
proteolytic: peptide and amino acid C. tetani remains at site of infection and produces tetanus toxin other bacteria ferment to reduce redox potential allowing C. tetani to grow enough for toxin production tetanus toxoind (formalin treated) immunization. anti TT antibody to neutralize circulating toxin. |
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Clostridium botulinum
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Gram positive anaerobe
AB toxin: Zinc Protease, heat labile, inhibits neurotransmitter release. serotypes A thru G. A,B and E most common in humans. Food bourne: ingest toxin, Infant: ingest spores Wound: spores in wound Therapy: high specificity and potency for targeted neurons: treat spasticity |
