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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name 7 bacterial diseases ??
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Tuberculosis
Typhoid Leprosy Food poisoning Botulism Diptheria Anthrax |
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how do Viruses replicate ??
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use host cell enzymes and ribosomes to duplicate nucleic acid and synthesize proteins
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what are some diseases caused by viruses ??
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common cold, chk pox, small pox, influenza, rabies
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what kind of cells are in fungi and protozoa ??
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eukaryotic cells
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what are some of the fungal diseases ?/
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Aspergillosis
Candidiasis Cryptococcosis Blastomycosis Histoplasmosis |
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what are some of the protozoal diseases ??
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Amebiasis
Giardiasis Malaria Toxoplasmosis Leishmaniasis Chagas disease |
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what kind of cell are in Helminths worms ??
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Eukaryotic
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prions diseases are mainly involved in ??
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modification of the prion protien (PrP)
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prions are composed of ??
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modified protein (PrPSc)
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prokaryotic cells mainly divide by ??
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Binary fission
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which cells havs Sterols and which lacks it ??
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prokaryotes lacks sterols in the membrane (except mycoplasma)
eukaryotes has sterols Bacterial cells do not contain sterols |
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which cells are considered Asexual ??
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Prokaryotes
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what are some of the functions of the plasma cells wall ??
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Osmotic barrier
transport ATP synthesis Synthesis of cell wall secretion of enzymes and exotoxins |
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Peptidoglycan in Bacteria function as ??
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rigidity
Encloses internal organs prevent osmotic lysis Adhesion antigenic potential |
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Kaplan From here on
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thats mean fuck lecture notes NIGGA
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mRNA in bacteria is ?
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Mono and poly cistronic
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bacterial cell wall contain ??
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peptidoglycans
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What does the fungi uses instead of cholestrol in the cell membrane ??
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Ergosterol
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the antifungal drugs would target which element of the fungi cells ??
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Ergosterol
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Flora will cause what type of infection ??
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endogenous infection
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what is bacterimia ??
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bacteria in the blood stream without showing clinical signs
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what is septicemia ??
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bacteria in the blood steam with clinical symptoms
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Flora serves nutritional function ... How ??
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it synthesizes K and B vitamins
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a bacteria in the flora is a sign for ??
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infection
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most common bacteria on the skin is ??
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Staph epidermidis
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what is the most common bacteria in the nose ??
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Staphylococcus aureus (food poisoning)
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the most common bac in the oropharynx is ??
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Viridans Streptococci and nonpathogenic nessaria, H infleuenza and candida albicans
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Gingival crevices will have mainly what type of Bac??
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Anarobes
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what kind of bac in the stomache ??
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None due to acidity ( except for H pylori)
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the colon will have what tyoe of bac ??
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Bacteroides
and Bifidobacterium (breast fed infants) |
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pili in E. coli are important for ??
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attachment
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what ar the attachment (viriulent factor) or adherense mechanisms for Gram pos and Gram neg bacs ??
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Gram pos : Teichoic acids
Gram Neg : pili |
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what is a biofilm ??
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it is a compacted bacteria that evade the immune response by sticking closely together
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what are the bacterias that is associated with capsules and what is the mnemonic ??
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Streptococcus pneumoniea
Klebsilla pneumoniea Haemophilus influenza pseudomonas aeruginosa Nessiria meningitis cryptococcus neoformans Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules A capsule is a virulent factor |
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what is the function of a capsule ??
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it helps the bacteria avoid the immune response, coat the bacteria and makes it slippery
Neutrophil is unable to chew the bacteria |
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what are the antiphagocytic factors of the following:
S. Pyogenes N. gonorrhoeae S. aureus |
M protien
pili protein A |
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what is the common factor among mucosal pathogens ??
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IgA proteases
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what is antigenic variation ??
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changing surface antigens to avoid immune destruction
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How does TB avoids destruction by immuno cells while inside the microphage ??
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it prevents the fusion of phagocyte and lysosome
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how does Listeria escape phagocytosis ??
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it escapes the phagosome before its fusion with a lysosome
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how can Listeria transport to neighboring cells without escaping the host cell ??
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Listeria can polymerize Actin and transport to neighboring cells
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what are invasins ??
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proteins that allow non phagocytic cells to take up bacteria
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what is type III secretion system ???
what bacteria use this mechanism ?? |
it is a way to deliver toxins to a host cell without entering the host cell
Enteroteric bacteria E. coli Salmonella P. aeruginosa chlamydia |
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what type of Hypersensitivity is a cross section of bacterial induced antibodies with tissue antigens ?? such as Rheumatic fever
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Type II
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what type of Hypersensitivity is a DTH and Granulomatous response ??
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type IV
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what type of hyper sensitivity is immune complexes that react with poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis ??
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type III
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Ascaris infection if it is large will cause ??
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blockage of the bile duct
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what is the function of LPS (endotoxins) in a gram Negative bacteria??
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it will over activate the immune system (non specific damage)
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what is the mechanism for LPS ??
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it activates macrophages leading to release of TNF alpha and IL 1 and IL6
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IL 1 is a major mediator for what symptom ??
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Fever
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Damage to the Endothelium from bradykinin induced vasodilation will lead to ??
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Shock
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Exotoxins is released by what type of bacterial cells ??
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Gram + and Gram -
(while endotoxins = LPS and are secreted from Gram - only ) |
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LPS can not be modified by heat and is quite immunogenic, but Endotoxins can be modified by heat and become non toxic and there fore they are used as ???
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Vaccines
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how does Exotoxins work ??
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A-B
B binds to the cell receptor A- is the active component and BLASTS the cell |
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what is the mechanism for Cytolysins and Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxins ??
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1- they lyse the cell by damaging the cell membrane from the outside
2- inserts itself to form pores in the membrane |
