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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a antimicrobial drug?
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-A chemical substance that destroys pathogens with minimal damage to the host.
-may be synthetic or natural |
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what is a superinfection?
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-results from a resistance developing
-results from disruption of normal microbiota |
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what are the target sites of antimicrobial drugs?
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cell wall, inhibition of protein synthesis, damage to plasma membrane
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cell wall
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results in bacteriocidal
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how does antimicrobial resistance occur?
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R-plasmid, cellular anatomy, & overuse/misuse of antibiotics
( overprescribed by doctors) |
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what is a boil?
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tender, red lumps that swell. they may break open and ooze pus or blood. these are treatable.
results from staph aureus |
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what is an impetigo?
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blisters w/fluid in them, which pop and get a yellow crust, and they can spread by scratching. children get it on their face
results from staph. aureus |
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what is scalded skin syndrome?
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large sheets of skin may peel away after red patches appear.
toxins are produced from antibiotic killing off bacteria, results in very itchy skin. |
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what is the treatment for scalded skin syndrome?
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flucloxacillin, 5-7 days
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what is streptococcus?
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it is a gram positive cocci chain, hemolytic enzyme
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what is the most common strep?
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streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat)
5-15% individuals act as carriers |
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what is the treatment for streptococcus pyogenes? (strep throat)
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penicillin, caused by indirect/direct transmission
prevention: handwashing,etc. |
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what is necrotizing fascilitis (NF)?
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-a flesh eating bacterium, destroys layers of tissue that surround the muscles, happens in 12-24 hrs
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what are the symptoms of necrotizing fascilitis?
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high fever, red, painful swelling that feels hot and spreads rapidly, skin may become purplish and die from tissue destruction.
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what are the risk factors of streptococcus?
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immunocompromised, contact w/person showing disease
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what is the treatment for streptococcus?
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surgery removes the infected tissueand IV antibiotics, there is not vaccine available.
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how do you prevent streptococcus?
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take proper care of minor wounds and cuts
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what is pseudomonas?
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gram negative bacillus, motile, loves to live in soil, very resistant, contains endo and exotoxins.
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what is pseudomona aeruginosa?
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opportunistic pathogen of humans, caused primarily a nosocomial pathogen. almost never infects uncompromised tissue, but there is hardly any tissue that it cant infect.
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pseudomonas in lab
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-reintroduced by fruits, plants and veggies. transferred by visitors and patients
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where is pseudomonas most serious?
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serious problem in patients hospitalized with cancer, cystic fibrosis, and burns -50% fatality
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what is bacteremia?
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for immunocompromised patients only- bacteria has entered the bloodstream and is being carried throughout the body
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what is the treatment for systemic infections by pseudomonas?
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no vaccines are currently available
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what is human papillomavirus? (HPV)?
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non-enveloped double stranded DNA, results in warts, 100 different types exist. 30 types are spread through sexual contact
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how is HPV caused?
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infection in the top layer of skin or mucous membranes, direct/indirect transmission, and isn't immediatel detected by immune system.
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how do you treat HPV?
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salicylic acid, liquid nitrogen duct tape!
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virus
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susceptible to changes in temp and decreased oxygen.
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herpes
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enveloped (greater survivability outside host)
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what are the 2 types of herpes?
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simplex type 1 &2
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what are the symptoms of herpes?
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blisters form and then burst causing ulcers, this may cause 2-4 weeks to heal
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