Micro 2Nd Midterm Study Guide

Front 1

any organism that harbors other organisms

Back 1

host

Front 2

place where the agent can survive

Back 2

reservoir

Front 3

relationship associations between two or more species

Back 3

symbiosis

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both members of the association benefit from the relationship

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mutualism

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one organism, the parasite, benefits from the relationship, whereas the other organism, the host is harmed by it.

Back 5

parasitism

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two species live together in a relationship such as that one benefits and ther other neither benefits nor is harmed

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commensalisms

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refers to the presence of microorganisms

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contamination

Front 8

refers to the multiplication of any parasitic microorganism within or upon the host's body

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infection

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disturbance in the state of health wherein the body can not carry out its normal functions

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disease

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any disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism)

Back 10

pathogens

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ability to produce disease. organism's pathogenicity depends on its ability to invade a host, mulitply in host, and avoid being damaged by the host's defenses.

Back 11

pathogenicity

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intensity of the disease produced by pathogens

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virulence

Front 13

organisms that do not usually cause disease but can do so under certain conditions, because they take advantage of particular conditions to cause disease

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opportunistic

Front 14

microorganisms that can be present under certain conditions in any of the locations where resident flora are found. They persist for hours or month, but only as long as the necessary conditions persist. Even pathogens can be transient flora

Back 14

transient flora/microbiota

Front 15

individuals with weakened immune defenses. Factors such as presence of another disease, age, treatment with radiation or immunosuppressive drugs, stress, etc. can lead to this state.

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Immunocompromised

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can be spread from one host to another

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communicable

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not spread from one host to another

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non-communicable

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structural or physiological characteristics that help organisms causes infection and disease. These factors include structures such as pili for adhesion to cells and tissues, enzymes to either help in invading host defenses or protect the organism from host defenses, and toxins that can directly cause disease.

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virulence factor

Front 19

proteins or glycoprotein’s found on attachment pili (fimbriae) and capsules.

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adhesions

Front 20

refers to growth of microorganisms on epithelial surfaces, such as skin or mucous membranes or other host tissue

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colonization

Front 21

degree of a pathogen is it’s ability to invade and grow in host tissue. It is related to the virulence factors the pathogen possesses and determines the severity of the disease produced.

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invasiveness

Front 22

is an entity that is capable of causing disease. (biological, chemical, and physical agents)

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agent

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route by which an infectious agent enters the host.

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port of entry

Front 24

toxic condition resulting from the growth and spread of bacteria in blood tissue.

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sepsis

Front 25

the spreading of bacterial toxins by blood from the site of infection.

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toxemia