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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Hemophilis Influenzae?
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bacterial pathogen
-taken in through respiratory tract |
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Corynebacteria diptheriae
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-upper respiratory tract bacterial pathogen
-localized -toxin -healthy carriers are common -often spread through raw milk, vaccine |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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-respiratory tract, gram positive bacteria
-high lipid content (mycolic acids) -clinical symptoms faint -use skin test and regular chest x-rays |
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how do you get Mycobacterium leprae?
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-must have prolonged exposure to someone with it
-humans only resevoir. |
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Coccidiodes immitis
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coccixiomycosis, "San Juaquin Fever"
Fungus thriving in dry and arid Southwest usually self-correcting, but can become deep-seated infection DIMORPHIC contracted by inhaling spores |
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Dimorphic
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of two forms. showing as a yeast in tissues and a fungus in the lab.
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Histoplasma capsulation
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histoplasmosis
DIMORPHIC lung infection that heals spontaneously, but if not treated can spread and be hard to get rid of |
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where is Histoplasma capsulation found?
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found in chicken coops, bat caves, old wooden structures
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amphoteracin B
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antifungal with terrible side effects, but works well
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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cryptococcosis grows only as YEAST
found in soil and associated with pigeon droppings begins in lungs but can spread to any other organ even CNS |
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common cold
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a virus, over 300 different serotypes
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Influenza
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virus, endemic/pandemic
sperical RNA attaches to red blood cells causes agglutination reactions uses hemagglutinin |
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Mumps
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1 of a large group of RNA myxoviruses
there is only one type of Mumps vaccine available can cause infection of CNS and death infection of testicles causing sterility MMR vaccination |
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MMR vaccination
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Measles, Mumps Rubella
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Zoster
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shingles (from chicken pox virus.)
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Smallpox
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Variola Virus
have been no outbreaks in close to 50 years acute, febrile infection, if untreated can be fatal, large scars |
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Psitticosis
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parrot fever, chlamydia, nonfatal to humans, but fatal to parrot.
severe pnemonia |
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how is Coxiella burnetti transmitted
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rickettsia transmitted without the bite of an anthropod vector
through contact with pelted animals or their urine, ticks can be reservoir, but not necessary for transmission |
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Coxiella burnetti
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Q fever--chills, headache, malaise, fever, develops into pnemonia
vaccine available for those in contact with these animals. |
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human body protection in the digestive tract against infection:
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-acid in stomach
-lymphatic follicles (WBC) -presence of normal flora: out competition, certain specific antimicrobials released by normal flora |
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Enterobacteriaceae
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-Salmonella
-Shigella -E. coli -Campylobacter |
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Salmonella
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over 200 different species with over 100 different antigenic cell wall types
all species cause mild to severe "food poisoning" |
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S. typhosa
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typhoid fever
-acute infection of small intestine that enters the blood stream and infects throughout the body -can be rapidly fatal if not treated -widespread--still many healthy carriers -no good immunization |
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Shigella dysenteriae
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dysentery
-acute form specific to tropical areas -can travel quickly -local to intestines -severe cramps and diarrhea -tetracycline and streptomycin |
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E. coli
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infects food most often
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Camplulobacter
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not very severe gastrointestinal distress, common
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Brucella
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brucellosis
-cow, pig, goat disease -transmittable to humans -"undulant fever" |
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polio virus
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3 distinct strains
-passed via fecal-oral route -spread in springtime as a result of swimming -vaccine available -if not treated causes nervous system damaging resulting in paralysis either of extremities or involuntary breathing |
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bulbar polio virus
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type that damages involuntary breathing nerves
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coxsackie virus
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-mild resperatory infection
-lethal heart disease in infants -aseptic meningitis (viral) -fecal-oral route |
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Enteric viruses
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-polio virus
-Coxsackie -ECHO -Hepatitis |
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Hemophilis Influenzae causes
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-meningitis
-epilottitis, a serious condition in infants, vaccine: HIB |
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what happens with leprosy?
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two types: nodular, tuberculoid--major sympotm is destruction of nerve endings in extremities
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polio passed how?
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fecal-oral route
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ECHO virus is found where?
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normal part of human flora
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hepatitis A
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-infectious
-fecal-oral |
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hepatitis A causes
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-jaundice
-mild fever, vomiting |
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hepatitis B transferred how?
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serum
-blood transfusions, dirty needles, etc |
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hepatitis C
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-blood serum transfer
-causes significant liver disease and cancer |
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How does one diagnose?
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a) appearance
b) testing -test for specific antibody response -isolate pure culture |
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Virulent bacteria factors:
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1)infectivity
2) invasiveness 3) toxicity |
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septicemia
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virus or bacteria in blood. (blood should be sterile)
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S. pnemonia
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capsulated bacteria--if complete and functioning it can keep WBC away
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Leucocidins
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enzymes to kill WBC
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Coagulase
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reacts with host fibrinogen to clot around bacteria
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hemolysins
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destroys host RBC and hemoglobin
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hemogglutinin
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protein excreted to bloodstream to agglutinate
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hyaluronidase
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breaks down hyaloronic acid helps with invasivness
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Botulism toxin
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blocks release of ACH from neurons--stops nerve transmision (especially involuntary breathing nerves)
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cholera toxin
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increases production of adynyl cyclase(enzyme that removes ATP)
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diptheria toxin
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binds to human ribosomes and freezes them
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toxoid
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same antigenic determinant, but non-toxic (vaccine base)
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antitoxin
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chemically binds to toxin and inactivates it.
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streptococci pyogenes causes
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-most throat infections
-scarlet fever (red rash) |
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serious complications of strep infection are
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1) Rheumatic fever-3% untreated strep get into blood stream and lymphatic system causing joint pain and heart problems
2)Glomerulonephritis-kidney infection, autoimmune disease 3)puerperal sepsis-infection of uterus after childbirth, can be fatal |
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Bordatella pertussis
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whooping cough, vaccine available but is not lifelong
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