Micro

Front 1

Lactose formers

Back 1

1. “CEEK”
2. Citrobacter
3. Enterobacter
4. E.Coli (K1 capsule most important)
5. Klebsiella

Front 2

Non lactose formers

Back 2

6. “SHYPS”
7. Shigella
8. Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis)
9. Proteus
10. Salmonella

Front 3

May lack color

Back 3

11. “These rascals may microscopically lack color”:
12. Treponema
13. Ricksetta
14. Mycobacterium
15. Mycoplasma
16. Legionella
17. Chlamydia

Front 4

inc. cAMP

Back 4

“CAPE”
19. Cholera
20. Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule)
21. Pertusis (via Gi)
22. E.coli (LT enterotoxin)

Front 5

Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]

Back 5

23. “Some killers have pretty nice capsules”
24. Strep. Pneumoniae
25. Klebsiella
26. HiB
27. Pseudamona Aeroginosa
28. Neisseria meningitis
29. Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)

Front 6

Dimorphic Fungi

Back 6

“Can Also Have Both Shapes”
31. Cocciodes
32. Aspergillus
33. Histoplasma
34. Blastomyces
35. Sprothrix schenkii

Front 7

Have â Prophage

Back 7

“OBED”
37. O = Salmonella
38. B = Botulinum
39. E = Erythrogenic strep
40. D = Diptheria

Front 8

Spore Forming Bacteria

Back 8

41. Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)

Front 9

IgA Proteases

Back 9

42. Neisseria,
Haemophilus,
S. pneumoniae

Front 10

Widal Test

Back 10

43. Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags ?Motile: make H2S Non Motile: noH2S?

Front 11

Wayson’s Stain

Back 11

44. Yersinia

Front 12

Pneumonic Plaque Transmission

Back 12

45. Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea

Front 13

Splenectomy

Back 13

46. Predisposes to septicemia

Front 14

Invasins

Back 14

47. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Front 15

Fusiform

Back 15

48. Vincent’s trench mouth

Front 16

S. viridans

Back 16

49. Dextran mediated adherence

Front 17

Obligate Aerobes

Back 17

50. Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium

Front 18

Obligate Anaerobes

Back 18

51. Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides

Front 19

Staph aureus

Back 19

52. A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +

Front 20

Spirochetes

Back 20

53. Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

Front 21

Non Motile Gram (+) Rods

Back 21

54. Corenybacterium D & Nocardia

Front 22

Acid Fast Organisms

Back 22

55. Mycobacterium;
Cryptosporidium;
Nocardia (partially);
Legionella micdadei;
Isospora

Front 23

Pigment Producing Bacteria

Back 23

56. Serratia – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)
57. Pseudomonas A – piocyanin blue/green
58. Staph Aureus – yellow – Protein A
59. Mycobacteria – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange
60. Corneybacterium D – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat
61. Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus – black (heme)
62. E. coli – irredescent green sheen

Front 24

Bacterial Morphology

Back 24

63. Pneumococci – lancet shaped diplococci
64. Neisseria – kidney bean shaped diplococci
65. Camphylobacter – gulls’ wings/comas
66. Vibrio Cholera – coma shaped
67. Corneybacterium D – club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod)
68. Yersinia – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain

Front 25

Inclusion Bodies

Back 25

69. Rabies – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic
70. Pox virus – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic
71. CMV – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear
72. HSV – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear

Front 26

Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni

Back 26

73. Intestinal – contact w/ bad water

Front 27

Schistosoma Haematolium

Back 27

74. Vesicular – contact w/ bad water

Front 28

Non Human Schistosom

Back 28

75. Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water

Front 29

Clonorchichis

Back 29

76. Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Front 30

Fasciola Hepatica

Back 30

77. Sheep – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Front 31

Fasciola Biski

Back 31

78. Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Front 32

Paragonimus Westermani

Back 32

79. Lung fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Front 33

Oxidase (+)

Back 33

80. Neiserria and most Gram (-)s

Front 34

Micro Aerophilic

Back 34

81. Camphylobacter & Helicobacter

Front 35

Urease (+)

Back 35

82. All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine
83. Ureaplasma
84. Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter)
85. Cryptococcus
86. Nocardia

Front 36

Coagulase (+)

Back 36

87. Staph A & Yersenia pestis

Front 37

Obligate Intracellular Bacteria

Back 37

88. Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP);
Mycobacterium Leprae;
all Rickettsia except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)

Front 38

Protozoa

Back 38

89. Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi

Front 39

Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites

Back 39

90. Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)

Front 40

Haemophilus Factors

Back 40

91. X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD

Front 41

All cocci are

Back 41

92. Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella

Front 42

“Eaton Fried Eggs”

Back 42

93. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)

Front 43

Mycoplasma

Back 43

94. No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria. 95. P1 protein inhs ciliary action 96. Fried egg colonies 97. Atypical pneumonia – young adults

Front 44

Sabrands

Back 44

98. Fungal media

Front 45

Malassazia furfur

Back 45

99. Spaghetti & meat ball

Front 46

Measles’ 3C’s

Back 46

100. Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia 101. May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Front 47

Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium

Back 47

102. B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens

Front 48

Bloody diarrhea agents

Back 48

103. EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica –Salmonella – Campylobacter jejuni

Front 49

YW-135CA

Back 49

104. N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains

Front 50

Indian Ink

Back 50

105. Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 51

Naegleria causes

Back 51

106. Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming

Front 52

Need Cysteine for growth

Back 52

107. “Ella likes cysteine”: 108. Francisella 109. Brucella 110. Legionella 111. Pasturella

Front 53

Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)

Back 53

112. Gram (-): N. meningitidis

Front 54

Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/

Back 54

113. Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion

Front 55

Endospores G(+)

Back 55

114. Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin

Front 56

Multi Brain Abscess

Back 56

115. Nocardia

Front 57

Single Brain Abscess

Back 57

116. Actinomyces israelli

Front 58

inc. risk for Strep pneum Infection

Back 58

117. Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness

Front 59

á Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive

Back 59

118. Strep. Pneumoniae

Front 60

á Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant

Back 60

119. Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)

Front 61

Staph. Saprophyticus

Back 61

120. Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)

Front 62

Staph. Epidermidis

Back 62

121. Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)

Front 63

â Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive

Back 63

122. Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever)) 123. Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A

Front 64

â Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant

Back 64

124. Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)

Front 65

EFII Ribosylation

Back 65

125. Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A

Front 66

Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins (work via adenylate cyclase)

Back 66

126. Protective Antigen (PA) 127. Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages 128. Edema Factor = inc. cAMP

Front 67

Woolsorter ‘s Disease

Back 67

129. Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin

Front 68

Grows in Rice

Back 68

130. Bacillus Cereus

Front 69

Clostridium Perfringens

Back 69

131. Double Zone â Hemolysis (test) 132. Lecithinase: á toxin = lyses RBCs 133. 80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases

Front 70

Clostridium Difficile

Back 70

134. 2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B) 135. Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)

Front 71

Spastic Paralysis toxin

Back 71

136. Clostridium Tetani toxin

Front 72

Clostridium Botulinum

Back 72

137. Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)

Front 73

Infant Botulinum

Back 73

138. Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey

Front 74

Thayer Martin Agar

Back 74

139. Neisseria ID

Front 75

DOC for N. gonorrhoeae

Back 75

140. Ceftriazone

Front 76

K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag

Back 76

141. Related w/ neonateal meningitis

Front 77

The A’s of Klebsiella

Back 77

142. Alcoholics 143. Aspiration pneumonia 144. Abscesses in the lungs

Front 78

Rice H2O Diarrhea

Back 78

145. Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis

Front 79

Raw seafood intoxicaiton

Back 79

146. Vibrio parahemolyticus

Front 80

Helicobacter Txt

Back 80

147. Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)

Front 81

inc. risk of P. aeroginosa infection

Back 81

148. Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis

Front 82

Contact lens ‘ infection

Back 82

149. Pseudomonas aeroginosa

Front 83

Cat Bites

Back 83

150. Pasteurella multocida

Front 84

Undulant Fever

Back 84

151. Brucella

Front 85

Bordet Gengou Agar

Back 85

152. Bordetella pertusis ID

Front 86

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Back 86

153. M. tuberculosis ID

Front 87

Cat Scratch Disease

Back 87

154. Bartonella henselae. Lesion can resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma. 155. Toxoplasmosis

Front 88

Pink Eye

Back 88

156. Adenovirus (type 8)

Front 89

True Hemaphrodite

Back 89

157. Testes & Ovaries are present

Front 90

Pseudo Hemaphrodite

Back 90

158. External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads

Front 91

Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite

Back 91

159. Testicular Feminization

Front 92

HLA Genes Location

Back 92

160. 6p

Front 93

Parvovirus B19

Back 93

161. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia

Front 94

Interferon MOA

Back 94

162. Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)

Front 95

Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis

Back 95

163. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A

Front 96

Parainfluenza Causes…

Back 96

164. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

Front 97

Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis

Back 97

165. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)

Front 98

RSV

Back 98

166. Bronchiolitis in infants

Front 99

Removed tonsils, find what virus

Back 99

167. In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur

Front 100

Bone Fever

Back 100

168. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos

Front 101

HbsAg

Back 101

169. Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness 170. Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness

Front 102

HbeAg

Back 102

171. Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease 172. Disappears before HbsAg is gone

Front 103

Anti-Hbc

Back 103

173. Present in beginning of clinical illness 174. Seen in the “window phase”

Front 104

Filamentous Bacteria

Back 104

175. Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces

Front 105

Listeria contaminates

Back 105

176. Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections

Front 106

Shiga like Toxin

Back 106

177. E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome

Front 107

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Back 107

178. Group A Streptococci

Front 108

Relapsing Fever

Back 108

179. Borrelia recurrentis

Front 109

Loffler’s Medium

Back 109

180. Corneybacterium diphtheriae

Front 110

Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle

Back 110

181. Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell 182. Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells 183. W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions 184. Cell wall lacks muramic acid

Front 111

Trench Fever

Back 111

185. Rochalimaea quintana

Front 112

“Spotted Fever” Members

Back 112

186. Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S. 187. R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)

Front 113

Thrush Txt

Back 113

188. Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth

Front 114

Rose Bush Thorns

Back 114

189. Have Sporothrix schenckii

Front 115

Contact lens solution infection

Back 115

190. Acanthamoeba

Front 116

Filiariasis Causant

Back 116

191. Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis

Front 117

Freshwater lake infection

Back 117

192. Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri

Front 118

Reduviid bug bite

Back 118

193. Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign

Front 119

Schistosoma Haematobium causes

Back 119

194. Bladder calcificaiton & cancer

Front 120

Schistosoma Mansoni causes

Back 120

195. Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices

Front 121

Snail, intermediate host of…

Back 121

196. Schistosomiasis

Front 122

Ixodes scapularis transmits

Back 122

197. Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi

Front 123

Nantucket Protozoa

Back 123

198. Babesia microt

Front 124

Infection by Reduviid Bug

Back 124

199. Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease

Front 125

Infection by TseTse Fly

Back 125

200. Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness

Front 126

Infection by Sandfly

Back 126

201. Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana

Front 127

Infection by Ixodes Tick

Back 127

202. Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease

Front 128

Infection by Anopheles Mosquito

Back 128

203. Malaria

Front 129

Trophozoites w/ “Face-Like” Appearance

Back 129

204. Giardia lamblia

Front 130

Nonseptate Hyphae

Back 130

205. Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.

Front 131

Histoplasmosis Geography

Back 131

206. Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys

Front 132

Coocidioidomycosis Geography

Back 132

207. Southwestern deserts, California

Front 133

Blastomycosis Geography

Back 133

208. States east of Mississippi River

Front 134

Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography

Back 134

209. Latin America

Front 135

Roseola Infection, aka

Back 135

210. Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)

Front 136

Herpangina

Back 136

211. “Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)

Front 137

Orthomyxovirus

Back 137

212. –ssRNA, enveloped virus.
213. Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation
214. Influenza A & B

Front 138

Paramyxovirus

Back 138

215. –RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids
216. Mumps
217. Croup(Parainfluenza virus)
218. Rubeola(Measles virus)
219. RSV

Front 139

Togavirus

Back 139

220. +ssRNA, enveloped
221. 3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus
222. Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis

Front 140

Flaviviris

Back 140

223. Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit
224. Yellow fever
225. St. Louis Encephalitis – no hepatitis or hemorrhage

Front 141

Bunyavirus

Back 141

226. –ssRNA, enveloped
227. California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches
228. Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome

Front 142

IgA Protease Activity

Back 142

229. H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth)
230. Strep. Pneumoniae
231. N. meningitidis
232. N. gonnorhoae
233. W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa.

Front 143

Diphtheria: ABCDEFG

Back 143

234. Adenopathy
235. â Prophage encodes the exotoxin
236. Corneybacteria is Club shaped
237. Diphtheria
238. Elongation Factor II
239. Granules (metachromatic)

Front 144

Only ssDNA

Back 144

240. Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”

Front 145

Only dsRNA

Back 145

241. Reovirus, “RepeatOvirus”

Front 146

Naked RNA

Back 146

242. “Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus

Front 147

2 circular DNAs

Back 147

243. Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus

Front 148

BK

Back 148

244. Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)

Front 149

Hepadna, Retrovirus?

Back 149

245. No, but has reverse transcriptase

Front 150

Picornovirus: “PERCH”

Back 150

246. Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A

Front 151

Hemorrhagic Fevers

Back 151

221. Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)

Front 152

Segmented viruses

Back 152

All are RNA: Orthomyxo; Arena; Bunya; Reo

Front 153

Eclipse Phase

Back 153

No internal virus. 1 total virus per cell

Front 154

Latent Phase

Back 154

No external virus. Extracellular virus found

Front 155

Naked Capsid Virus

Back 155

Nucleocapsid. DNA or RNA + Structural proteins

Front 156

Enveloped Virus

Back 156

Membrane. Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein

Front 157

Interferon

Back 157

Non virus specific. Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth

Front 158

AIDS structural prots

Back 158

Gag, pol, env

Front 159

AIDS regulatory prots

Back 159

Tat, rev, nef

Front 160

AIDS gp41 env prot

Back 160

Transmembrane

Front 161

AIDS gp120 env prot

Back 161

Surface

Front 162

AIDS p17 gag prot

Back 162

Matrix

Front 163

AIDS p24 gag prot

Back 163

Capsid

Front 164

AIDS p7p9 gag prot

Back 164

Nucleocapsid

Front 165

Downey Type II cells

Back 165

EBV

Front 166

Infection by Aedes Mosquito

Back 166

Yellow Fever: Flavivirus: Black vomit, jaundice, high fever

Front 167

“Hot T-Bone stEAk”:

Back 167

ILs IL1 = inc. Temp: HOT ---IL2 = stimulate T cells ---IL3 = stimulate Bone Marrow stem cells ‘ growth & differentiation (GM CSF) ---IL4 = stimulate IgE (& IgG) ---IL5 = stimulate IgA (& eosinophils)

Front 168

ILs Secreted by CD4s

Back 168

IL2, IL4, IL5, IFN gamma

Front 169

ILs Secreted by Macrophages

Back 169

IL1 & TNF á

Front 170

C5a

Back 170

Neutral chemotaxis. When it is w/ C3a, participates in anaphylaxis

Front 171

C5 Convertase

Back 171

When both Alternative and Classic pathways come together Alternative: C3b, Bb, C3b + C3a -> C5 Classic: 2b, 3b, C3a + C4b -> C5

Front 172

Only Richettssia not Intracellular

Back 172

Quintana

Front 173

Plasmodium Life Cycle

Back 173

Sporozoites: from blood to liver ---Primary tissue schizont ---Trophozoites: in RBC ---Erythrocytic schizont ---Merozoite: ruptured RBC ---Gametozyte ---Zygote: inside the mosquito

Front 174

Acanthamoeba

Back 174

Star shaped cysts

Front 175

Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia

Back 175

Nonseptate, filamentous, 90 degree branching, indian in, capsular halos

Front 176

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Back 176

Monomorphic

Front 177

Candida

Back 177

Yeast normally, pseudo & true hyphae in tissue infections

Front 178

Aspergillus Fumigatum

Back 178

45 degree branching point, asoc’d w/ cystic fibrosis & burns pt

Front 179

Cocciodes

Back 179

Hyphae in wild. Artroconidia. Arthocondida & Hyphae. Sherules w/ endospores

Front 180

Histoplasma Cap

Back 180

Hyphae in wild. Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida. Fac intracellular. In the tissue it’s a yeast w/ a small neck.

Front 181

Blastomycosis

Back 181

Hyphae in wild

Front 182

Sporothrix Schenkii

Back 182

Hypahe in wild. Potas iodide in milk. Pneumonia in alcoholics.

Front 183

PCP

Back 183

Obligate parasite. Kills type I pneumo cells. Ground glass

Front 184

Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins

Back 184

E. Coli; V. Cholera; Bordetella Pertussis

Front 185

Dermatophytes

Back 185

Trichophyton: SHN ---Microsporium: SH ---Epidermophyton: SN ---Tinea tavus: permanent hair loss

Front 186

E. Histolitica

Back 186

Trans: Cysts Dx.Trophozoites or cysts in stool

Front 187

Giardia

Back 187

Trans Cysts Dx.Trophozoites or cysts in stool

Front 188

Cryptosporidium

Back 188

Trans Cysts Dx.Acid fast oocysts

Front 189

Balantium C.

Back 189

Trans Cysts Dx.Trophozoites or cysts in stool

Front 190

Trichomonas V.

Back 190

Trans Trophozoites Dx.Motile trophozoites

Front 191

Vivax

Back 191

Fever: Benign 3 degrees 48h Enlarged Host Cell

Front 192

Ovale

Back 192

Fever: Benign 3 degrees 48h Oval/Jagged

Front 193

Malariae

Back 193

Fever: 4 degrees of Malarial 72hrregular Crescent

Front 194

Falciparum

Back 194

Fever: Malignant 3 degrees