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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are Flagella composed of
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Protein
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What are Flagella used for
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Motility
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How does flagella produce mitility
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it spins around the basal body
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What two function do Pili Do?
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Sex
Adhesion |
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What if a bug lost its pili used for adhesion
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It wouldnt be infective
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How does a capsule protect the bug
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Protects from PMN and Mo Phagocytosis
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What is a capusle composed of
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Polysacs
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How does India Ink work
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It stains everything by the capsule appears like halo
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How does Quellung work
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Antibodies against the bacteria bind the capsule and make it swell in water
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How do we overcome antiphagocytic properties of a capsule
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Opsonization
We immunize to Pneumo to produce antibodies to lots of Capsular Antigens |
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Where do we use Capsular antigen for production of vaccine
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Pneumovax
H Flu B Meningocaccal |
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Who can produce spores
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Only 2 bacteria:
GRAM POSITIVE AEROBIC BACILLUS, ANAEROBIC CLOSTRIDIUM |
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What are the five layers of a spore
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PM
PG Mesh PM Keratin like protein exosporium |
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What can a spore survive thru?
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HEAT
COld Drying Chemical Agents |
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Can a spore survive autoclaving?
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No
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What conditions are in an autoclave
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121 C for 15 minutes
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When are spores formed
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when the environmedn is hostile
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Who can invade a cell
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Listeria
Salmonella Yersinia Francisella Brucella Legionella Mycobacter |
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Are endotoxins excreted
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Hell No, there a component of the cell
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Where are exotoxin genes encoded
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They are on plasmids
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What is the principal effect of endotoxin
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Septic Shock
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How does endotoxin make shock
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Via the release of Mo TNF and IL1
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Can you make antibodies to endo and exotoxins
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Only to exotoxins, not endotoxins
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Are endotoxins heat stable
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Endoxin is stable at 100 C for 1 hour
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What does Neurotoxin do?
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exotoxins that affect nerves
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Gimme two examples of Neurotoxin
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Tetani - blocks Gly release- lockjaw
Botulinum - Blocks AcH relaese - CNS paralysis - floppy baby |
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Gimme two examples of Enterotoxin Dz
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Infectious Diarrhea
Food poisoning |
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What four can cause Infectuous diarrhea
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Vibrio - duh
E Coli - Duh Campylobacter JEJUNI - helloooo Shigella - yup |
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How does Shiga Toxin Work
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It Cleaves host cell rRNA and enhances cytokine release causing HUS
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So how does food poisoning work
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Bug releases tocin in food causing VD for 24 hours
Bacillus and Staph |
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What do Pyrotoxins do
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Cause release of cytokines causing Rash Fever and TSS
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What are the primary mediators in septic shock other than toxin
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IL1 and TNF
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What the mortality in septic shock
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40% but more if multiple organs are damaged
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How is the heart affected in shock
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Decreased CO, BP, organ hypoperfusion
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How are the lungs affected in shock
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ARDS and Hypoxia
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How is the brain affected in Shock
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Encephelopathy
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How do you traet Septic Shock
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First Broad Range Ab, then look for source of bugs, and supportive therapy
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Where would you find the infection most often in Spetic Shock
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1. Resp Track
2. Abdominal 3. UTI |