Micro 146 Bloom Exam 3

Front 1

Taxonomy

Back 1

orderly classification of plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships

Front 2

What are three aspects of the Archaea that are unique to them

Back 2

1. no peptidoglycan in cell wall
2. differente ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and tRNA
3. unique metabolic pathway, unique enzymes which allows survival in extreme conditions

Front 3

Phylogeny

Back 3

Evolutionary relatedness; the evolution of a genetically related group of organisms as distinguished from the development of the individual organism

Front 4

Phenotype

Back 4

Observable or measurable traits

Front 5

Genotype

Back 5

DNA or rRNA sequencing

Front 6

Binomial Nomeclature

Back 6

Genus and Species

Front 7

Prokaryote

Back 7

cells in which the nuclear material is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Front 8

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Back 8

Phylogenic Classification of prokaryotes as determined by rRNA sequencing

Front 9

What is generally the first step of the Dichotomous Key?

Back 9

Gram or Simple Stain

Front 10

What is the purpose of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology?

Back 10

To provide identification schemes based on such criteria as cell wall composition, morphology, differential staining, oxygen requirement and biochemical testing.

Front 11

DNA Fingerprinting

Back 11

used to determine the source of hospital-aquired infections.
DNA from 2 microorganisms are treated w/the same restriction enzyme and the restricting fragments (RFLPs) produced are separated by electrophoresis. Compare the number/size of the restriction fragments to see how similar the organisms are

Front 12

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Back 12

Used when a microorganism cannot be cultured by conventional methods.
Used to increase the amount of microbial DNA to levels that can be tested by gel electrophoresis. If a primer for a specific microorganism is used, the presence of amplified DNA indicates that microorganism is present

Front 13

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Back 13

Separated DNA strands (from double-stranded DNA) from two different organisms are heated (to make sure they are separate,) then cooled, similar or same species DNA strands will bind through complementary base pairing.

Front 14

Degree of Hybridization

Back 14

In Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Several attachements = high similarity of organisms
Some attachments = not very similar
No attachments = not similar

Front 15

What is the most reliable method for confirming ID of bacteria

Back 15

DNA Probe

Front 16

DNA Chip

Back 16

Composed of DNA attached to the chip (which can hold hundreds of thousands of synthetic ss DNA sequences of bacterial species) and acts as DNA probes. Unknown DNA from a patent is separated into SS, enzymatically cut and labeled with a fluorescent dye. Tagged DNA will only bind to the complimentary DNA on the chip and confirm ID.

Front 17

Dichotomous Key

Back 17

Identification (key) based on successive questions, and each question has 2 possible answers. After answering one question, the investigator is directed to another question until an organism is ID'd.