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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Manifestation of the Genotype, The "Expressed Genes"
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Phenotype
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DNA Stands For...
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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Segment of DNA which encodes for a functional product (protein, tRNA, rRNA)
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Genes
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DNA Is made up of four nucleotides/ nucleic acid bases two are purine.... What are they?
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A- Adenine
G- Guanine |
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DNA Is made up of four nucleotides/ nucleic acid bases two are Pyrimidine.... What are they?
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T- Thymine
C- Cytosine |
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Genetic Element, carrying genes
Circular in prokaryotes Linear in eukaryotes |
Chromosomes
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Two polynucleotide strands joined together in a double helix are Identical. T or F
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False, They are Complimentary
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Pairing of nucleotides is as follows...
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A-T
G-C |
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Singular and circular.
Highly Coiled Range from 1-5 million Base Pairs |
Bacterial Genomes
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When DNA is replicated, it ends up with two identical daughter cells.
T or F |
True
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Replication is associated with, or takes place in...
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Inner membrane and cell division
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Unwinds DNA helix?
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Helicase
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Adds new nucleotides to DNA template?
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DNA Polymerase
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Acts as a primer for the lagging strand
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RNA primease (Polymerase)
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Connects or (glues) Okazaki segments together.
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DNA Ligase
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Uses free nucleotides to synthesize new complementary DNA strand
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DNA Polymerase
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Synthesizes discontinuously.
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Lagging Strand
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DNA Polymerase will only read in which direction?
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5' ----> 3'
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RNA stands for...
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Ribonucleic Acid
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tRNA=
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Transfer RNA
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mRNA=
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Messanger RNA
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rRNA=
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Ribosomal RNA
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is the protein synthesis machinery
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rRNA
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Recognizes Codons and is involved with protein synthesis
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tRNA
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Carries the genetic information to the ribosomes to synthesize proteins
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mRNA
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Synthesis of RNA using a DNA template
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Transcription
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When a Gene is transcribed and translated it is said to be...
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Expressed
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Synthesis of a protein using the genetic information on the mRNA
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Translation
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Copy of DNA into mRNA
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Transcription
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in what molecule is Thymine replaced by Uracil?
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mRNA
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In mRNA what takes the place of Thymine?
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Uracil
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the main enzyme involved in transcription is....
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RNA Polymerase
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a Terminator is?
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The point where RNA polymerase stops synthesizing new mRNA. Stops transcription
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Bacterial genes have 3 basic parts, they are
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The promotor region
Coding region (ORF) Terminator |
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The Promotor region does what
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it is the region where RNA polymerase binds to.
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Coding region is what?
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contains specific instructions that encodes for a protein. mRNA is synthesized here
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mRNA---> Protein synthesis?
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Translation
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gene coding sequence is composed of codons.
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mRNA
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Codon is....
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3 mRNA molecules which correspond to an Amino acid
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20 amino acids -64 possible codons
T or F? |
TRUE
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tRNA does what?
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Recognizes specific codons and transports it with the corrasponding Amino acid
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anticodon?
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tRNA complementary codon for the mRNA codon
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mRNA-->Amino Acids-->Polypeptides--> Protein
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Translation
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Two ways to regulate Genes...
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Repression
Induction |
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Inhibits gene expression and decreases enzyme and protein synthesis. Occurs when there is an excess of a product
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Repression
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Binds to DNA after the promotor region. RNA polymerases can not initiate transcription
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Repressor
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Substance which induces transcription of genes
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Inducer
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β-galactosidase
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Splits Lactose into glucose and galactose. Gene only expressed in the presence of lactose
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