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52 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
416. Ingestion of a raw potato delivers a new vaccine protein to elicit an immune response. The immune structure to interact with the vaccine protein?
Lamina propria mucosae
417. Inflammation and the resulting increase in vascular permeability permit leakage into damaged or infected sites are effected by
Phagocytic cells and acute phase proteins
418. The serum of a pt, who has IgG and IgM deficiency, appears to fix complement in an assay for tetanus antibodies. What is the explanation?
Activation of the alternate pathway
419. A 3-year-old boy with genetic C3 deficiency has recurrent ear and lung infections due to pyogenic bacteria. Deficiency of what?
B lymphocytes
420. A very young child, w/ recurrent infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, now has numerous granulomas. TOW?
Chronic granulomatous dz
421. Treatment with which protease enzyme causes decrease in avidity of IgG w/o changing the specificity of the antibody?
Papain
422. Cells activated by both γ-IFN and CD40 are
Macrophages
423. High-dose chemo has caused severe bone marrow suppression in a pt with hematologic malignancy. Reversal is plausible with what?
GCSF
424. Function of the T-lymphocyte receptor (CD3) complex of transmembrane proteins?
Signal transduction
425. The MHC class I pathway presents an antigen directly to what?
CD8+ T lymphocytes
426. HSV infection can block the transfer of antigenic peptides from the cytoplasm to the ER of the infected cells. As a result of this, action of what cell type is compromised?
CD8+ T cells
427. Infection of the thyroid gland can induce the expression of MHC II molecules. Which cell types would initiate an autoimmune response, leading to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
CD4+ T cells.
428. PPD skin test (+) in a pt , who was vaccinated against turberculosis in his native country, reflects response of what cell type?
CD4+ T lymphocytes (Th1 response → γ-IFN)
429. A man with hx of MI is given a morphine injection for a new episode of chest pain; 10 mins later, he has itching and urticaria. Mechanism of this reaction?
mediators from sensitized mast cells
430. Loss of skin pigments, sense of touch, inability to feel objects and pain in a pt from Africa, whose skin scraping contains AFBs, is caused by
Th1-mediated DTH reactions
431. A man with polycystic kidney dz, who receives a renal transplant and cyclosporine, develops a high temp and swelling and tenderness in the grafted kidney. TOW?
Immunity to the donor MHC antigens.
432. A man who now has progressive stupor and laryngeal spasms for 3 days after pt was being attacked by a wild bat in a cave a month ago should have received
Inactivated rabies virus vaccine
433. Alternative and lectin pathways of complements activated
bacterial surfaces
434. Classic complement pathway is activated by antibody-antigen complexes involving antibody class type
IgM >> IgG
435. Chemotactic and anaphylotoxic complements are
C3a, C5a
436. successful opsonization of all non-encapsulated bacteria are by complement
C3b
437. Defect or deficiency of which complements predisposes individuals to infections caused by Neisseria spp., the causative agents of gonorrhea and meningitis
C6-C9
438. Antimicrobial (immune) response important for intracellular bacterial infections involves cell type
Th1 CD4 T cells
439. Immune response important for viral infections involves cell type
CD8 cytolytic T cells
440. Major antibody in secretions and plays a significant role in first-line defense at the mucosal level is
IgA
441. Main antibody in the initial “primary” immune response and allows good complement activation is
IgM
442. Fc region of this immunoglobulin binds to eosinophils, basophils and mast cells and is significant mediator of allergic (hypersensitivity) reactions
IgE
443. What on macrophages enables them to sense that the material is microbial in origin, and must therefore be eliminated quickly?
Toll-like receptor
444. These oxygen-dependent enzymes: NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and myeloperoxidase are involved in killing of what?
Gram-positive bacteria
445. These oxygen-independent enzymes/proteins: lysosome, lactoferrin, defensins and other cationic proteins are involved in killing of what?
Gram-negative bacteria
446. Infections persist, because mϕ activation is defective, leading to chronic stimulation of CD4+ T cells in what dz?
Chronic granulomatous Dz
447. Defective respiratory burst, predisposing chronic bacterial infection is associated with deficiency of what?
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
448. All nucleated cells express MHC I antigens
HLA-A, B, C
449. Antigen-presenting cells express MHC II antigens
HLA-DP, DQ, DR
450. Lymphocyte proliferation (T, B) and NK → cytotoxicity are undertaken by what cytokine?
IL-2
451. B-cell activation, IgE and IgG4 switch, ↓ TH1 cells/ Mφ, ↓ IFN-γ, TH0 → TH2 are all undertaken by what cytokine?
IL-4
452. Mφ activation; elevated expression of MHC and FcRs molecules on B cells, IgG2 class switching, increased IL-4 and TH2 are all undertaken by what cytokine?
IFNγ
453. The Th1 response, driven primarily by IFN-γ leads to the activation of
macrophages
454. The Th2 response, driven primarily by IL-4 and IL-5, leads to the production of IgE and IgG4 and to the activation of
mast cells and eosinophils.
455. Variable T and B cells in DiGeroge’s syndrome is associated with
Thymic aplasia
456. No B cells and immunoglobulins in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton’s) is associated with
Loss of Btk tyrosine kinase
457. Lack of anti-polysaccharide antibody and impaired T-cell activation causing Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is associated with
X-linked-defective WASP gene
458. Inability to control B cell growth in X-linked lympho-proliferative syndrome is associated with
SH2D1A mutant
459. Glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage in Goodpasture’s syndrome is caused by what autoantigen?
basement membrane collagen type IV
460. Hyperthyroidism in Grave’s Dz is caused by what autoantigen?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
461. Progressive muscle weakness in Myasthenia gravis is caused by what autoantigen?
Acetyl choline receptor
462. Brain degeneration, paralysis in Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by what autoantigen?
Myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein
463. Localized allergies (e.g., drug allergy, asthma, hay fever) and anaphylaxis (food, drug) w/ systemic inflammation throughout circulation are associated with reaction?
Type I hypersensitivity
464. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Ab’s produced vs RBC membrane Ag’s, mismatched blood (transfusion rxn), and allergies to antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, sulfa drugs) are associated with reaction?
Type II hypersensitivity
465. Grave’s Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Goodpasture’s syndrome are all associated with reaction?
Type II hypersensitivity
466. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, serum sickness to horse diphtheria anti-toxin, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis are all associated with reaction?
Type III hypersensitivity
467. Poison ivy, erythematous induration in tuberculin skin test, and transplantation/graft rejection are all associated with reaction?
Type IV hypersensitivity